샹까라의 불이론(Advaita) 철학의 방법론

Abstract

The purport of this article consists in bringing to light by analyzing the structure of dual meaning of the “Advaita” dictum, through what methodology Śaṅkara developed the absolutistic monism of the Upaniṣads. As a result, it becomes intelligible that the Advaita(non-duality) may mean that the appearing world is not existent independently of Brahman, as well as that the subject and the object are not distinct, and logically the former presupposes the latter. In this article, it becomes understandable that Śaṅkara admitted a large part of the philosophy of his teachers's teacher Gauḍapāda. It shows that although Śaṅkara tried to dissociate the Buddhistic philosophical traits from Gauḍapāda's philosophy which is largely influenced by Vijñānavāda and Śūnyavāda, his own philosophy remains with Buddhistic influence. His methodology through which he made an attempt to approach the Absolute, Oneness of the individual self and the Reality by starting from the level of empirical cognition invested with the subject-object duality represents this fact. In addition, through the culture-philosophical consideration of the historical background of the formation of Śaṅkara's philosophy it becomes intelligible that his Advaita philosophy is the concrete amalgam of the philosophical stream from the Vedic thought including Upaniṣads through Buddha's philosophy to Gauḍapāda's philosophy, a learned man of Vijñānavāda and Śūnyavāda.