印度 法寶信仰의 변천 小考

Abstract

Under the title “A Study on the Changes of Dharma-Ratna Faith in India,” this study set out to investigate the early forms and changes of dharma-ratna faith in India. The study thus traced the process of dharma-ratna turning into Buddha-ratna and the formation and development of dharma-sarira faith in India. The findings were as follows:The early forms of dharma-ratna in India are found in the works and ascetic exercise principles of samghas. They had faith in dharma-ratna as an example of keeping dharma over a long period while accepting dharma-ratna as the premise of klesa expiration and moksa. The examples of dharma delivery offer some hints about the early perceptions of dharma-ratna faith. Since then, dharma-ratna was regarded as the principle of expiration of pious acts and wicked sins and as the example of dispelling disasters, treating illness, and funeral marches. The faith in dharma-ratna became specific based on the emphasis on the pious act of listening to dharma and the progress of Mahayana. The status of dharma-sarira was established in correspondence to Buddha-sarira in its relations with the faith of Buddha-stupa. By the 2nd century, they had Sūtras enshrined in stupas as dharma-sarira. The records of pilgrims contain the examples of having Sūtras enshrined in stupas as dharma-sarira and offering it to Buddha. For instance, Paticca-Samuppada-Gata and Buddha-Dharmaśarīra-Gata were enshrined in stupas, the example of which had influences on the ways they built early Buddhist stupas in Korea. They built early stupas with dharma-sarira enshrined in them according to the changing examples of dharma-ratna faith in India. Such an example was established as one of the important criteria of stupa building in later periods.