목회 상담가의 자세와 질문기술 연구: 이야기치료 중심으로

Abstract

This study examined questioning, which is an important counseling skill in narrative therapy, which is currently actively used in pastoral counseling, and the role and attitude of the counselor who participates in the counseling process. Narrative therapy, which has developed under the influence of post-modernism and social constructionism, considers people’s lives as stories and interprets their life stories as problem-oriented. It is a process of breaking away from the dominant story and coming together to experience the untold stories in their lives in a meaningful and fulfilling way. Instead of trying to solve problems, narrative therapy focuses on the client and counselor forming a partnership and focusing on ‘thicken’ stories that do not perpetuate or support the client’s problems. When people stay in these alternative stories, they can live with a new self-image, new possibilities for relationships, and a new future in a new story. In this process, the counselor acts as a partner and collaborator in a non-central yet influential position, breaking away from the client's problem-centered story, discovering stories that have not been told, and bringing them into the client’s story. And it is important to recognize and deconstruct discourse in the client’s story. Discourse is “a system of institutional structures that share statements, practices, and universal values” that determines the meaning and interpretation people give to their experiences and determines what life events can be talked about and how they can be talked about. Creates a framework for choice. Therefore, rather than analyzing the cause of the client’s problem, the narrative therapy process asks how the story is structured, what the discourse is in the story, and how much influence the client’s values and philosophy have in the story. By understanding together with the client how much the personal story is critically influenced by the social environment, customs, and traditions that make up their identity, and deconstructing these, the story in which the client becomes the subject, that is, the client’s own beliefs, values, meaning, and knowledge, is developed. It is a process of expanding to reveal this. In the process, the counselor’s questions are deconstructed from the client’s problem-centered story, allowing the client to write a story containing the client’s values, meaning, and wishes. Pastoral counseling through narrative therapy can be understood as counseling that helps clients gain new awareness of God’s deep providence in their lives and expands that new awareness into the client’s rich story. New stories experienced in the relationship with God are revealed by dismantling the Christian discourse that focuses on religious appearances and actions and writing experiential stories and community relationship stories that focus on the relationship with God. In the process of narrative therapy, we need to question things that were taken for granted within the Christian community and check whether those values have important meaning to the client. It becomes about choosing one’s own life and clarifying one’s identity.