Cawnpore's Legacies: The English Angel in the House and the Colonial ＂House of the Ladies＂
Cawnpore's Legacies: The English Angel in the House and the Colonial "House of the Ladies"
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Abstract
The historical event of the Indian Rebellion and the publication event of Coventry Patmores The Angel in the House both functioned, in their separate ways, as formulations of an iconic Victorian womanhood of the 1850s. Both borrowed from existing views of English womanhood as the essential core of national identity, and framed her as an ideal, reified, and pure abstraction. In this essay I bring together two apparently unrelated ideasan imperial military conflict that decided the fate of the British Empires dominion over India, and a domestic ideal as reflected in one very popular poem of the Victorian ageto demonstrate that domestic ideology and the build-up of Empire were intricately related in nineteenth-century England. Patmores poetic depiction of the angel in the house establishes her as the quintessential figure of nineteenth century womanhood. Meanwhile, representations of the Indian Rebellion through journalism, fiction, and other reports participated in a similar reification of Victorian womanhood by constructing a narrative of the Englishwomans victimization at the hands of Indian men. The legacies of Cawnpore (and its infamous Bibighar) came to stand for just such a fear of Englishwomens victimization and continued as a powerful narrative thread in the post-Rebellion novel. Finally, this Mutiny master-narrative that emerged from the Rebellion can be said to have profoundly shaped the European memsahibs figurative role within Anglo-Indian relations well into the twentieth century.
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