운카 일라이저 윙크필드의 『미국인 여성』에 나타난 인종, 젠더, 종교의 문제
The Questions of Race, Gender, and Religion in Unca Eliza Winkfield's The Female American
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This paper explores the questions of race, gender, and religion in Unca Eliza Winkfield's The Female American. The focus is on how race, gender, and religion intersect with each other in the context of British colonialism. Winkfield's text features two conversion stories: one is about Unca's conversion by William, and the other the Indians' conversion by their daughter, Unca Eliza. In both stories, conversion is described as a rational acceptance of the superiority of Christianity to the sun worship of the Indians. Race and gender function as important factors in these conversions. William, a British man, instructs Unca, an Indian woman, in Christianity and her conversion is required for their intermarriage. Unca Eliza, who is a half Indian but an Anglicized Christian, considers American Indians inferior to Europeans. She also sacrifices her female independence when she marries to John, her English cousin, because their marriage is instrumental in making the Indian country a Christian nation. Her adventures turn out to be a story of Christian success. I argue, however, that her success story can be recast as the story of the loss of her female independence in that she ends up an obedient wife and assistant to John, a male missionary.
Abstract
This paper explores the questions of race, gender, and religion in Unca Eliza Winkfield's The Female American. The focus is on how race, gender, and religion intersect with each other in the context of British colonialism. Winkfield's text features two conversion stories: one is about Unca's conversion by William, and the other the Indians' conversion by their daughter, Unca Eliza. In both stories, conversion is described as a rational acceptance of the superiority of Christianity to the sun worship of the Indians. Race and gender function as important factors in these conversions. William, a British man, instructs Unca, an Indian woman, in Christianity and her conversion is required for their intermarriage. Unca Eliza, who is a half Indian but an Anglicized Christian, considers American Indians inferior to Europeans. She also sacrifices her female independence when she marries to John, her English cousin, because their marriage is instrumental in making the Indian country a Christian nation. Her adventures turn out to be a story of Christian success. I argue, however, that her success story can be recast as the story of the loss of her female independence in that she ends up an obedient wife and assistant to John, a male missionary.
참고문헌 (8)
- Burnham, Michelle, "Introduction in The Female American; Or, the Adventures of Unca Eliza Winkfield By Unca Eliza Winkfield", pp.9~28 (2001), Broadview
- Joseph, Betty, "Re(playing) Crusoe", Pocahontas: Circum-Atlantic Stagings in The Female American, 2000, pp.42(3), 317~335
- McDowell, Tremaine, "An American Robinson Crusoe", merican Literature, 1(3), pp.307~309 (1929)
- Nordius, Janin, "Thus might I reason with a heathen...’: The Gothic Moment in The Female American", Nordic Journal of English Studies, 7(2), pp.1~18 (2008)
- Stevens, Laura M, "Reading the Hermit's Manuscript: The Female American and Female Robinsonades in Approaches to Teaching Defoe's Robinson Crusoe", pp.140~151 (2005), The Modern Language Association of America
- Voccaro, Kristianne Kalata, "Recollection... sets my busy imagination to work: Transatlantic Self-Narration, Performance, and Reception in The Female American", Eighteenth-Century Fiction, 20(2), pp.127~150 (2007)
- Wheeler, Roxann, "The Complexion of Desire: Racial Ideology and Mid-Eighteenth -Century British Novels", Eighteenth-Century Studies, 32(3), pp.309~332 (1999)
- Winkfield, Unca Eliza, "The Female American; Or, the Adventures of Unca Eliza Winkfield" (2001), Broadview