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정보실패와 미 의회 정보감독의 정파성

Intelligence Failure and Partisanship in the U.S. Congressional Oversight

장노순
한국세계지역학회 (The Korean Association Of Area Studies)|2010.12|세계지역연구논총 (The Korean Journal of Area Studies)|제28권 제3호|pp. 131-156

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참고문헌

키워드

9/11 테러정보실패intelligence failure정보감독이라크 WMD정보위원회oversight of intelligence9/11 terrorIraqi WMDintelligence committees
주제분류정치외교학

초록

미국 의회는 행정부의 정보실패에 대해 감독권한을 갖고 있고, 행정부의 정책을 견제한다. 하지만 정보활동은 은밀하게 이루어지는 속성 때문에, 의회의 감독기능이 충실히 작동하기 어려운 한계로 인해 정보실패의 사건은 의회의 감독활동이 강화되고 제도로 이어지는 긍정적인 효과가 있다. 안보문제에 대한 의회의 초정파적인 자세가 흔히 언급되지만, 정보공동체를 감독하는 상하원 정보위원회는 1980년 중반 이후 정파적 입장에 따라 정보감독이 효과적이고 효율적인 성과를 거두는데 제약을 받고 있다. 부시 행정부 시절에 발생한 9/11 테러와 이라크 WMD의 정보실패는 의회의 정보감독이 가장 활발하게 전개된 사건들이지만, 9/11 위원회와 1단계 및 2단계 WMD 위원회의 조직 구성, 활동 과정, 결과 내용, 최종 공개 등 구체적인 활동 내용은 다르다. 이런 차이는 정보실패의 정치적 책임 소재에 따라 의원들의 정파성이 크게 작용하고 있기 때문이었다. 부시 대통령 재임기간 의회의 정보감독은 안보이슈에 대한 의회의 초정파적인 협력과는 결코 부합하지 않았다.

Abstract

The U.S. intelligence committees have broad authorization to check the intelligence community. Although it is not easy for the Congress to control secret and covert intelligence activities, intelligence failure provide the legislative with an opportunity to seek for the causes and the its efforts facilitate strict control for congressional oversight of intelligence. But since the mid-1980s the U.S. Congress has been restricted because of the lawmakers' partisanship. In particular, the 9/11 terror and Iraqi WMD that occurred during the Bush administration are apparently that the intelligence community did not have a good job. An independent inquiry or intelligence committees on those failures showed different patterns in detailed activities such as inquiry organization, process, the resulting views of reports and the timing of their public release.

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