≪거룩한 노래들 제1권≫(Liber primus sacrarum cantionum, 1589)과 윌리엄 버드의 신앙 표현
Liber primus sacrarum cantionum (1589) and the Expression of Byrd’s Catholic Faith
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버드의 ≪거룩한 노래들 제1권≫(1589)은 그의 모테트만으로 구성된 첫 출판물이다. 버드는 영국국교의 성립 이후 가톨릭에 대한 탄압이 강화되었던1580년대에도 밀입국한 예수회 선교사들의 환영 모임에 참석하고 가톨릭의복원을 위한 정치적 사건에 관여했을 정도로 적극적인 가톨릭 신자였으므로,라틴어 음악의 사용이 위축된 시기에 상업성과 거리가 먼 모테트를 출판한이면에는 종교적, 정치적 의도가 있었을 것으로 추정된다. 본 논문에서는 버드의 발간 계획에 관련된 구체적인 사실들을 파악하고 당시의 종교적인 배경을 고찰하였다. 또한 ≪거룩한 노래들 제1권≫의 가사를통하여 버드가 암묵적으로 표현한 가톨릭 공동체의 절규를 살펴보았다. 전16곡의 가사는 대부분 성경에 의거하므로 가톨릭 신자들의 곤경을 의도적으로드러낸다는 의심을 피할 수 있었다. 기쁨을 노래하는 곡도 두 곡 있지만 버드의 정치적 모테트는 바빌론의 유수, 이집트 노예생활, 예루살렘의 곤경, 하느님의 강림, 순교, 해방 등을 주제로 삼으며 이러한 가사를 통하여 당대 가톨릭신자들이 처한 곤경이 표현되었다.
Abstract
Liber primus sacrarum cantionum (1589) is the first publication made up entirely of Byrd’s Latin motets, compositions that not only show Byrd’s strength as an English musician but also as a defender of his faith. Byrd was a very active Catholic, present at a major Jesuit event to welcome two secret missionaries from Rome in the 1580s, when Catholics were under the threat of intense persecution. He was also connected to the plots for the accession of Mary, Queen of the Scots, for the revival of Catholic faith in England. By publishing Latin motets -- which couldn’t expect economic profits after the establishment of the Anglican Church in England -- Byrd found a way to express his religious and political beliefs. In this essay, Byrd’s specific plans of publication, as well as the religious background of the period, are examined. Also, the texts of Liber primus sacrarum cantionum are reviewed to understand their secondary meaning, the reflection of the English Catholic community under persecution. Byrd’s texts are mostly Scripture-based. Among 16 pieces, two highlight praise and joy with others focusing on Babylonian captivity, Egyptian captivity, the plight of Jerusalem, the advent of God, liberation and martyrdom. Through these texts, the plight of Byrd, and his contemporary Catholics, is represented through music and song.
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