여성 SF 작가가 꿈꾸는 가상세계 속의 신화와 젠더--르귄의 『어둠의 왼손』을 중심으로
Myth and Gender in The Left Hand of Darkness
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Abstract
This study centers on myth and gender (revealed) in the imaginative world of feminist science fiction writer Ursula Le Guin. The future world of SF seems the farthest from the ancient one of myth, the primordial story of human being, but both SF and myth are similar in that they are based on the human imagination going beyond realistic regulations. The Left Hand of Darkness is one of the first major works of feminist SF in the 1970s. This novel is an account of the efforts of Genly Ai, a representative from the galactic federation of worlds (the Ekumen) to bring the lost world of Gethen (Winter) back into galactic society. Le Guin's mythic alternative to gender is the androgyne, a primordial unity of sexually undifferentiated entities. The inhabitants of Gethen are androgynes, biologically bisexual humans. What Genly Ai, the Earth male, finds so hard to accept is the feminine component of the Gethenians who are ambisexual, men and women in one. Western dichotomies such as science and nature, spirit and body, light and darkness, men and women are eminent in SF by male writers. Through the androgyne myth, Le Guin tries to subvert or blur these dichotomies. Five of the twenty chapters that comprise the book tell the myths and legends of the imagined planet. They play the role of providing background to the events of the story and main themes. Estraven, the Gethenian protagonist and his relationship to Ai can be understood only through consideration of the myths. Moreover, time in Gethen is also mythic; years are not numbered consecutively from a base year forward to the present; the base year is the current year. It is always the Year One. Therefore, time is not lineal but circular; separation between past, present and future is meaningless. In this time view, myth about the origin of human being, SF, and Now are connected like a circle. At the same time it concurs with the entire theme of harmonious unity between light and darkness, yin and yang and man and woman.
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