메멘토 모리의 문화적 진화 —홀바인 2세의 <죽음의 무도>에서 동시대의‘비가시적 죽음’까지
A Cultural Evolution of Memento Mori: From Hans Holbein Jr.’s danse macabre to Contemporary ‘invisible death’
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This paper aims to trace and illuminate the cultural evolution of memento mori from Holbein Jr.’s danse macabre (1536) to contemporary attitude of ‘invisible death’ via William Combe’s The English Dance of Death (1815). The images of death reflected on the woodcuts by Holbein the Junior are a tyrant, a jester and a leveler who arrest victims by surprise and without warrant thereby keeping living humans always at the throe of death (memento mori). William Combe’s death is his contemporary companion of the Zeitgeist of Enlightenment with its humanist tolerance reflecting the ideology of bourgeois class. However, at the turn of the last century did our contemporary images of death undergo a dramatic reversal from the Romantic idea of ‘sweet death’ to ‘dirty death’ of our age. Arguably, Darwinian world view devoid of God’s Creation and bodiless souls must have taken a toll on the cultural dissemination of religious beliefs in afterlife and immortality. For the first time over human history has death become human nemesis intractable and intransient to such an extent that humans cannot but turn blind eyes to him until the final moment of their ownmost death.
Abstract
This paper aims to trace and illuminate the cultural evolution of memento mori from Holbein Jr.’s danse macabre (1536) to contemporary attitude of ‘invisible death’ via William Combe’s The English Dance of Death (1815). The images of death reflected on the woodcuts by Holbein the Junior are a tyrant, a jester and a leveler who arrest victims by surprise and without warrant thereby keeping living humans always at the throe of death (memento mori). William Combe’s death is his contemporary companion of the Zeitgeist of Enlightenment with its humanist tolerance reflecting the ideology of bourgeois class. However, at the turn of the last century did our contemporary images of death undergo a dramatic reversal from the Romantic idea of ‘sweet death’ to ‘dirty death’ of our age. Arguably, Darwinian world view devoid of God’s Creation and bodiless souls must have taken a toll on the cultural dissemination of religious beliefs in afterlife and immortality. For the first time over human history has death become human nemesis intractable and intransient to such an extent that humans cannot but turn blind eyes to him until the final moment of their ownmost death.
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