루쉬디의 『자정의 아이들』에 나타난 문화적 혼종성과 민족주의 문제
Cultural Hybridity and Nationalism in Rushdie's Midnight's Children
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Abstract
Salman Rushdie's political vision may be understood as transcending an attachment to a particular nation in the sense that he not only debunks the "myth" of nation as a "natural and homogeneous" category but also celebrates himself as a "translated" being traversing India and Britain. Novels such as Midnight's Children and Shame also clearly expose how dearly India and Pakistan had to pay for the alleged national unity and cultural purity. Yet, faced with questions like if critiquing of the nationalist slogan of national purity means upholding a transnational position, or if such a criticism intends to preach the uselessness or obsoleteness of nation and nationalism, one finds it hard to offer a conclusive answer. This paper aims at delineating Rushdie's political position in Midnight's Children and thus discussing a possible relationship between the writer's position and nationalism. Rather than draw a definitive conclusion about the issue of whether or not he is a cosmopolitan or what kind of cosmopolitanism he upholds, this paper maps Rushdie's politics by bringing to light its complexities and ambivalence. This mapping is carried out by means of focusing on how the theme of cultural hybridity, as later theorized by Homi Bhabha, is narrativized. This paper establishes a strong linkage between this supposedly "post-nationalist" text and the nationalism of the people by examining the author's attitude towards the lower classes. A tentative conclusion of this paper is that Rushdie's novel answers negatively the question of if post-foundational critiques of essentialist nationalism necessarily constitute a logical antinomy of nationalism.
참고문헌 (46)
- 김순식, "현대영국문학과 탈식민주의적 경험의 형상화", 현대영미소설, 1, pp.27~51 (1994)
- 김혜승, "한국 민족주의: 발생양식과 전개과정" (1999), 비봉출판사
- 송채평, "호미 바바와 버텨읽는 루쉬디의 악마의 시", 현대영미소설, 2, pp.251~68 (2000)
- 전수용, "탈식민주의 존재양태로서의 잡종성(Hybridity)―루시디(Rushdie)의 악마의 시 (The Satanic Verses)를 중심으로", 현대영미소설, 4(1), pp.231~63 (1997)
- 조규형, "코스모폴리탄 문학과 민족문학", 안과밖, (8), pp.31~46 (2000)
- 이석구, "국적 없는 작가들: 포스트모더니즘과 이산의 정치학", 문학과 사회, 16(1), pp.220~39 (2003)
- 한현진, "다시 쓰는 역사와 리얼리티: 샐먼 루시디의 “자정의 아이들”", 영어영문 학, 19(2), pp.207~33, 한국강원영문학회)
- Afzal-Khan, Fawzia, "Cultural Imperialism and the Indo-English Novel" (1993), University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State UP
- Ahmad, Aijaz, "In Theory" (1992), London: Verso
- Anderson, Benedict, "Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism(1983)" (1991), London: Verso
- Appadurai, Arjun, "Patriotism and Its Futures", Public Culture, 5(3), pp.411~29 (1993)
- Appiah, Kwame Anthony, "Cosmopolitan Patriots", pp.91~114, Cheah & Robbins
- LaCapra, D, "Out of Africa, Topologies of Nativism(The Bounds of Race, Perspectives on Hegemony and Resistance)", pp.134~63 (1991), Ithaca: Cornell UP
- Bhabha, Homi, "The Location of Culture" (1994), London: Routledge
- Booker, Keith, "Critical Essays on Salman Rushdie" (1999), New York: G. K. Hall
- Booker, "Midnight's Children, History, and Complexity: Reading Rushdie after the Cold War", pp.283~315
- Brennan, Timothy, "Salman Rushdie & the Third World: Myths of Nation" (1989), New York: St. Martin's Press
- Castles, Stephen, "Citizenship and Migration" (2000), New York: Routledge
- Cheah, Pheng, "Introduction Part II", pp.20~41
- Cheah, "Given Culture: Rethinking Cosmopolitical Freedom in Transnationalism", pp.290~328
- Cheah, Pheng, "Cosmopolitics: Thinking and Feeling beyond the Nation" (1998), Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P
- Cundy, Catherine, "Salman Rushdie" (1996), Manchester & New York: Manchester UP
- Dirlik, Arif, "The Postcolonial Aura: Third World Criticism in the Age of Global Capitalism" (1998), Boulder, CO: Westview
- Goonetilleke, D. C. R. A, "Salman Rushdie" (1998), New York: St. Martin's
- Gorra, Michael, "This Angrezi in which I am forced to write: On the Language of Midnight's Children", pp.188~204
- "Naipaul's World. (Commentary 98.2 . Aug. 1994 27-31)" (2009)[URL]
- Hasan, Mushirul, "The Myth of Unity(Contesting the Nation: Religion, Community, and the Politics of Democracy in India)", pp.185~208 (1996), Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P
- Hobsbawm, E. J, "Nations and Nationalism Since 1780" (1990), Cambridge: Cambridge UP
- Jameson, Fredric, "Third-World Literature in the Era of Multinational Capitalism", Social Text, 15, pp.65~88 (1986)
- Juraga, Dubravka, "The Mirror of Us All: Midnight's Children and the Twentieth Century Bildungsroman", pp.129~53
- Kortenaar, Neil, "Midnight's Children and the Allegory of History", Ariel, 26(2), pp.41~62 (1995)
- Krishnaswamy, Revathi, "Mythologies of Migrancy: Postcolonialism, Postmodernism and the Politics of (Dis)location", ARIEL, 26(1), pp.125~46 (1995)
- Kuchta, Todd M, "Allegorizing the Emergency: Rushdie's Midnight's Children and Benjamin's Theory of Allegory", pp.205~24
- Postcolonialism, "Colonialism", pp.1998, Loomba, Ania
- Ong, Aihwa, "Flexible Citizenship" (1999), Durham: Duke UP
- Rushdie, Salman, "A Dangerous Art Form", Third World Book Review, 1, pp.3~5 (1984)
- "Imaginary Homelands: Essays and Criticism 1981-1991", New York: Penguin
- "Midnight's Children" (1981), New York: Penguin
- "Midnight's Children and Shame", Kunapipi, 7, pp.1~19 (1985)
- "Shame(1983)" (1997), New York: Henry Holt
- Redder, Michael, "Rewriting History and Identity: The Reinvention of Myth, Epic, and Allegory in Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children", pp.225~50
- Rege, Josna E, "Victim into Protagonist? Midnights Children and the Post-Rushdie National Narratives of the Eighties", pp.250~82
- Renan, E, "What Is a Nation?(Nation and Narration)", pp.8~22 (1990), London &New York: Routledge
- Sangari, Kumkum, "The Politics of the Possible", Cultural Critique, 7, pp.157~86 (1987)
- Syed, Mujeebuddin, "Midnight's Children and Its Indian Con-Texts", Journal of Commonwealth Literature, 29(2), pp.95~108 (1994)
- Wolpert, Stanley, "A New History of India" (1993), New York & Oxford: Oxford UP