계몽주의 담론의 이율배반과 '소설의 발생'
The Antinomy of the Enlightenment Discourses and the Rise of the Novel
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Ian Watt, author of The Rise of the Novel, maintained that the novel originated in modern England, came from prose discourses such as the news, political essays and journalistic writing which propagated the Enlightenment, and the novels represent formal realism. The main point of this paper is to examine Watt’s theory of the rise of the novel on the basis of the criticism of antinomy of the Enlightenment and “the public sphere” in Habermas’ terms. At first, I will criticize formal realism, which is not a new literary species, but a formally renovated realistic form that represented capitalism and protestantism. And, then, I will show that formal realism is a kind of antinomy because it turned away from the voices and reality of the low-class and women though the novel concentrated on common people, not the aristocrats. Secondly, I will inquire into the antinomy of the Enlightenment in the aspects of reason, freedom, individualism and women. In my view, as soon as the high-middle class acquired their political rights, these values were no more encouraged and the result revealed antinomy of the Enlightenment more explicitly. Thirdly, I’d argue that “the public sphere” had positive meanings to everyone when the bourgeosie were fighting against the Absolutism and the aristocracy. I’ll also insist that the high-middle class and the intellectuals were in “the public sphere” in which Habermas argues that rationality and equality were thought to have been realized, while the low-middle class and most women were de-enlightened and disciplined by reading the novel privately. In conclusion, formal realism is not the rise of the novel, but the opening of the novel peculiar to bourgeosie parliamentarism from the middle-eighteenth century to the middle-twentieth century.
Abstract
Ian Watt, author of The Rise of the Novel, maintained that the novel originated in modern England, came from prose discourses such as the news, political essays and journalistic writing which propagated the Enlightenment, and the novels represent formal realism. The main point of this paper is to examine Watt’s theory of the rise of the novel on the basis of the criticism of antinomy of the Enlightenment and “the public sphere” in Habermas’ terms. At first, I will criticize formal realism, which is not a new literary species, but a formally renovated realistic form that represented capitalism and protestantism. And, then, I will show that formal realism is a kind of antinomy because it turned away from the voices and reality of the low-class and women though the novel concentrated on common people, not the aristocrats. Secondly, I will inquire into the antinomy of the Enlightenment in the aspects of reason, freedom, individualism and women. In my view, as soon as the high-middle class acquired their political rights, these values were no more encouraged and the result revealed antinomy of the Enlightenment more explicitly. Thirdly, I’d argue that “the public sphere” had positive meanings to everyone when the bourgeosie were fighting against the Absolutism and the aristocracy. I’ll also insist that the high-middle class and the intellectuals were in “the public sphere” in which Habermas argues that rationality and equality were thought to have been realized, while the low-middle class and most women were de-enlightened and disciplined by reading the novel privately. In conclusion, formal realism is not the rise of the novel, but the opening of the novel peculiar to bourgeosie parliamentarism from the middle-eighteenth century to the middle-twentieth century.
참고문헌 (28)
- 김봉률, "이안 와트의 소설발생론과 장르정치학" (2007), 동인
- 김일영, "트리스트람 샌디에 나타난 성의 힘과 서사구조", 근대영미소설, 12(2), pp.51~72 (2005)
- 굴모, "문학행위 또는 사생활의 공개", 사생활의 역사, 3, pp.473~520 (2002), 새물결
- 바흐친, "도스토예브스키 시학" (1989), 정음사
- 브렌크만 존, "문학의 혁신-리얼리즘, 모더니즘, 포스트모더니즘 문학론은 진정한 문학적 논의가 아니었다", 세계의 문학, (가을), pp.173~220 (2001)
- 사르티에 로제, "글의 관행들", 사생활의 역사, 3, pp.155~214 (2002), 새물결
- 여건종, "근대 시민사회의 형성과 소설의 발생", 안과, (2), pp.8~40 (1997), 영미문학연구회
- 여건종, "소설의 발생: 소설형식의 역사성과 근대의 등장 (18세기 영국소설 강의)", 18세기 영국소설 강의, pp.57~86 (1999), 신아사
- 이종영, "성적 지배와 그 양식들" (2001), 새물결
- 최갑수, "서양에서 공공성과 공공영역", 진보평론, 9(가을), pp.320~46 (2001)
- 칸트 임마뉴엘, "순수이성비판" (1974), 박영사
- 푸코 미셸, "앎의 의지 (성의 역사)1" (1993), 나남
- 하버마스, 위르겐, "공론장의 구조변동" (2004), 나남
- 하우저, 아르놀트, "문학과 예술의 사회사 3" (2002), 창작과비평사
- 허쉬먼, 앨버트, "열정에서 이해관계로" (1994), 나남
- Addison, Joseph, "The Spectator" (1965), Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Armstrong, Nancy, "Desire and Domestic Fiction: A Political History of the Novel" (1987), New York: Oxford UP
- Davis, Lennard, "Reconsidering Origins: How Novel Are Theories of the Novel In", ~
- Reconsidering the Rise of the Novel, "Eighteenth-Century Fiction 12 2-3 (2000): 479-99", ~ (2000)
- Defoe, Daniel, "Moll Flanders" (1971), Oxford UP
- Green, Donald, "Sammuel Johnson" (1984), Oxford UP
- Hunter,J.Paul, "Before Novels: The Cultural Contexts of Eighteenth-Century English Fiction" (1990), New York: Norton
- McKeon, Michael, "The Origins of the English Novel, 1600-1740" (1987), Johns Hopkins UP
- Richardson, Samuel, "Pamela or Virtue Rewarded" (1980), Harmondsworth: Penguin
- Sterne, Lorence, "The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy. Eds. Melvyn New and Joan New 3 Vols" (1984), UP of Florida
- Todorov, Tzvetan, "Le Principle Dialogue; Paris: Seuil", ~ (1981)
- Warner, William, "Licensing the Pleasure: Literary History and the Novel in Early Modern Britain (The Columbia History of the British Novel)", pp.1~22 (1994), UP of Columbia
- Watt, Ian, "The Rise of the Novel: Studies in Defoe, Richardson and Fielding" (1984), UP of California