Triple Layers and Triangulation in Anne Brontë’s The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
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This study focuses on the layered narrative strategy and the triangulat- ing dynamics of each layer in Anne Brontë’s The Tenant of Wildfell Hall and argues that Helen’s diary is not an interruptive break that brings about a serious structural flaw as some critics have posited, but a careful- ly planned inclusion on Brontë’s part that serves as the key to the novel. The novel consists of triple layers with each layer featuring a distinct tri- angulation among the writer, the shared text, and the reader. The inner- most layer of the story occurs as Helen writes the diary, which creates the triangulation among Helen as a reader, her diary as a shared text, and herself as a writer. In the middle layer of the story in which Helen gives her diary to Gilbert who tries to win her heart, the triangulation is estab- lished among Gilbert as a reader, Helen’s diary as a shared text, and Helen as a writer. And on the outermost layer where Gilbert transcribes Helen’s diary in his letters to Halford, his brother-in-law twenty years later, the triangulation takes place among Gilbert, Helen’s diary, and Halford. By examining each layer of the novel where Helen’s diary recurrently occupies a vertex in all three sets of triangulation, this paper maintains that the triple layering of the story and the deft handling of the triangulating dynamics in each layer validate Brontë’s artistic talent and accentuate her authenticity and ingenuity as a writer.
Abstract
This study focuses on the layered narrative strategy and the triangulat- ing dynamics of each layer in Anne Brontë’s The Tenant of Wildfell Hall and argues that Helen’s diary is not an interruptive break that brings about a serious structural flaw as some critics have posited, but a careful- ly planned inclusion on Brontë’s part that serves as the key to the novel. The novel consists of triple layers with each layer featuring a distinct tri- angulation among the writer, the shared text, and the reader. The inner- most layer of the story occurs as Helen writes the diary, which creates the triangulation among Helen as a reader, her diary as a shared text, and herself as a writer. In the middle layer of the story in which Helen gives her diary to Gilbert who tries to win her heart, the triangulation is estab- lished among Gilbert as a reader, Helen’s diary as a shared text, and Helen as a writer. And on the outermost layer where Gilbert transcribes Helen’s diary in his letters to Halford, his brother-in-law twenty years later, the triangulation takes place among Gilbert, Helen’s diary, and Halford. By examining each layer of the novel where Helen’s diary recurrently occupies a vertex in all three sets of triangulation, this paper maintains that the triple layering of the story and the deft handling of the triangulating dynamics in each layer validate Brontë’s artistic talent and accentuate her authenticity and ingenuity as a writer.
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