Marina Carr’s By the Bog of Cats . . .: An Ecofeminist Reimagining of Euripides’ Medea
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper examines Marina Carr’s stage play, By the Bog of Cats . . . (1998), from an ecofeminist perspective, arguing that Carr’s denunciation of androcentric, capitalistic abuse of women and nature presents a contemporary re-visioning of female identity. Carr’s play relocates Euripides’ tragedy Medea and its iconic female protagonist to the present-day wetlands of Midlands Ireland, adding folkloric and Celtic elements. Her palimpsestic transposition resonates with multilayered contemporaneity, verifying her contribution to the raising of social consciousness on the urgent issues of misogyny, domestic abuse, poverty, and the manipulation of women/nonhuman nature, symbolized by the eponymous peatland. Carr is not alone in staging archetypal progenitors as a literature of protest. However, her reimagining of Medea’s sacrifices and destructive actions, including fratricide and filicide, is significant for its positing of a causal relationship between patriarchal culture and environmental degradation. The study discusses how this ecofeminist orientation is articulated through a subversion of institutional authority, reversal of normality in the characters, rejection of the constitutionally sanctioned stereotype of motherhood, and a questioning of the utilitarian ‘wasteland’ perception of peat bogs. Hester Swane, Carr’s ill-fated outcast, identifies with the agriculturally ineffectual Bog of Cats and its nonhuman diversity. In doing so, unlike Euripides’ Medea, who departs for a new life, Carr’s heroine chooses the fate of Black Wing (her animal alter-ego) over eviction from her birthplace and escape from the Ghost Fancier (the messenger of death), in a dark drama of power, morality, and social and environmental injustice.
Abstract
This paper examines Marina Carr’s stage play, By the Bog of Cats . . . (1998), from an ecofeminist perspective, arguing that Carr’s denunciation of androcentric, capitalistic abuse of women and nature presents a contemporary re-visioning of female identity. Carr’s play relocates Euripides’ tragedy Medea and its iconic female protagonist to the present-day wetlands of Midlands Ireland, adding folkloric and Celtic elements. Her palimpsestic transposition resonates with multilayered contemporaneity, verifying her contribution to the raising of social consciousness on the urgent issues of misogyny, domestic abuse, poverty, and the manipulation of women/nonhuman nature, symbolized by the eponymous peatland. Carr is not alone in staging archetypal progenitors as a literature of protest. However, her reimagining of Medea’s sacrifices and destructive actions, including fratricide and filicide, is significant for its positing of a causal relationship between patriarchal culture and environmental degradation. The study discusses how this ecofeminist orientation is articulated through a subversion of institutional authority, reversal of normality in the characters, rejection of the constitutionally sanctioned stereotype of motherhood, and a questioning of the utilitarian ‘wasteland’ perception of peat bogs. Hester Swane, Carr’s ill-fated outcast, identifies with the agriculturally ineffectual Bog of Cats and its nonhuman diversity. In doing so, unlike Euripides’ Medea, who departs for a new life, Carr’s heroine chooses the fate of Black Wing (her animal alter-ego) over eviction from her birthplace and escape from the Ghost Fancier (the messenger of death), in a dark drama of power, morality, and social and environmental injustice.
참고문헌 (48)
- Arkins, Brian, "Irish Appropriation of Greek Tragedy" (2010), Carysfort
- Armao, Frédéric, "From Yeats to Friel : Irish Mythology Through Arts and Science in the 20th Century", Études Irlandaises, 41(1), pp.115~125 (2016)
- Bourke, Bernadette, "Modern and Contemporary Irish Drama: Backgrounds and Criticism", pp.587~593 (2009), Norton
- Carr, Marina, "By the Bog of Cats . . .. Marina Carr: Plays One", pp.257~341 (1999), Faber and Faber
- Cheney, Jim, "Eco-Feminism and Deep Ecology", Environmental Ethics, 9, pp.115~145 (1987)
- 정문영, "마리나 카의『고양이 늪』─헤스터의 유령-되기", 영어영문학, 58(1), pp.69~91 (2012), 한국영어영문학회[DOI]
- Clark, Timothy, "The Cambridge Introduction to Literature and the Environment" (2011), Cambridge UP
- “Convention on Wetlands” Global Guidelines for Peatland Rewetting and Restoration, , Secretariat of the Convention on Wetlands, ~, pp.Ramsar Technical Report No. 11 (2021)
- Crimp, Martin, "Martin Crimp : Plays 2" (2005), Faber and Faber
- Escobar, Daniel, "Back to the Future: Restoring Northern Drained Forested Peatlands for Climate Change Mitigation", Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10 (2023)
- Fairleigh, John, "The Tiger in Winter: Six Contemporary Irish Plays", pp.ix~xiv (2016), Methuen Drama
- Gallego, Malania Terrazas, "Writing Is Essentially a Very, Very Innocent Thing’: In Conversation with Marina Carr", Estudios Irlandeses, 14, pp.190~197 (2019)
- Garrard, Greg, "Ecocriticism" (2012), Routledge
- Glotfelty, Cheryl, "The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology", pp.xv~xxxvii (1996), U of Georgia P
- González-Chacón, María Del Mar, "Myths in Crisis? Marina Carr’s Revision of Female Myths in Contemporary Irish Theatre", The Grove Working Papers on English Studies, 22, pp.59~68 (2015)
- Hill, Shonagh, "Women and Embodied Mythmaking in Irish Theatre" (2019), Cambridge UP
- Hutner, Heidi, "Encyclopedia of Mothering Vol. 1", pp.317~320 (2010), Sage
- Hutcheon, Linda, "A Theory of Adaptation" (2013), Routledge
- 정윤길, "마리나 카의 『고양이 늪』(By the Bog of Cats...)에 나타난 나르시스적 멜랑콜리로서 헤스터의 비극 연구", 현대영미드라마, 32(3), pp.135~160 (2019), 한국현대영미드라마학회
- Jordan, Eamonn, "Theatre Stuff: Critical Essays on Contemporary Irish Theatre", pp.xi~xlviii (2000), Carysfort
- King, Ynestra, "Healing the Wounds: The Promise of Ecological Feminism" (1989), New Society P
- Lahar, Stephanie, "Ecofeminist Theory and Grassroots Politics", Hypatia, 6, pp.28~47 (1991)
- Leeney, Cathy, "University College Dublin, Honorary Conferring. Text of the Introductory Address", UCD President’s Office, ~ (2023)
- Lonergan, Patrick, "Irish Drama and Theatre Since 1950" (2019), Methuen Drama
- Mack-Canty, Colleen, "Third-Wave Feminism and the Need to Reweave the Nature", Culture Duality, 2004, pp.16(3), 154~179
- Martinovich, M. K., "The Theatre of Marina Carr: “Before Rules Was Made”" (2003), Carysfort
- McDonald, Marianne, "Amid Our Troubles: Irish Versions of Greek Tragedy", pp.37~80 (2002), Methuen
- Mies, Maria, "Ecofeminism", pp.297~324 (2014), Zed
- Murphy, Mike, "Reading the Future: Irish Writers in Conversation with Mike Murphy", pp.43~57 (2000), Lilliput
- Murphy, Paula, "Staging Histories in Marina Carr’s Midlands Plays", Irish University Review, 36(2), pp.389~402 (2006)
- Plumwood, Val, "Beyond the Dualistic Assumptions of Women, Men, Nature", The Ecologist, 22(1), pp.8~13 (1992)
- Russell, Richard, "Talking With Ghosts of Irish Playwrights Past: Marina Carr’s By the Bog of Cats", Comparative Drama, 40(2), pp.149~168 (2006)
- Sanders, Julie, "Adaptation and Appropriation" (2016), Routledge
- Sayin, Gülşen, "Quest For the Lost M", Other: Medea Re-Constructed in Marina Carr’s By The Bog Of Cats . . . (1998), 2008, pp.9, 75~86[DOI]
- Sihra, Melissa, "‘Nature Noble or Ignoble’ : Woman, Family, and Home in the Theatre of Marina Carr", Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies, 11(2), pp.133~147 (2005)
- Trotter, Mary, "Modern and Contemporary Irish Drama: Backgrounds and Criticism", pp.600~606 (2009), Norton
- Vakoch, Douglas, "Feminist Ecocriticism", pp.1~12 (2014), Lexington
- Wallace, Clare, "Tragic Destiny and Abjection in Marina Carr’s The Mai, Portia Coughlan and By the Bog of Cats", Irish University Review, 31(2), pp.431~439 (2001)
- Warner, Marina, "London Review of Books" (2015)
- Warren, Karen J., "Ecological Feminism and Ecosystem Ecology", Hypatia, 6(1), pp.179~197 (1991)
- 윤여복, "마리나 카의 『고양이 늪에서』에 나타난 자연환경과 여성", 문학과환경, 10(2), pp.219~240 (2011), 문학과환경학회[DOI]