베트남 댜오(Dao)족의 민속과 복식문화

Abstract

Living culture of many different Asian ethnic groups is very different due to their different natural environment and ways of symbiotically living with nature. There are many ethnic groups living all across Asia, and each ethnic group’s traditional clothes differ in form and color. People express their ethnicity by wearing traditional clothes and proud to be wearing it. Traditional clothes did not go through any alteration even when people moved to different region. Located Southeast Asian continent’s east end of indo-china peninsula, Vietnam is one of the biggest country located on the peninsula, with the major ethnic group Kinh (Viet), and approximately 54 minor ethnic groups living in the country. Most of Vietnam’s minor ethnic groups live in northern and central alpine region, especially around the northern mountain valleys. The minor ethnic groups that live around northwest mountain border area of Vietnam, also resides in Laos and northern regions of Thailand. Dao is one of Vietnam’s minor ethnic groups. They are not natives of Vietnam, but Chinese who moved south in 12thcentury, and became accustom to Vietnamese ways of living. Official name of Dao is Yao, but after moving to Vietnam, Yao’s Vietnamese name became Dao. Dao of Vietnam consists of many local subgroups. There are Red Yao(Dao Do), Coin Yao(Dao Tien/Dao with silver coins or money), Tight-trousers Yao(Dao Auan Chet/Dao with tied or belted trousers), Yao Lo Gang(Dao Thanh phan), White-trousers Yao(Dao Ho/Dao with white trousers), Indigo-clad Yao(Dao Thanh Y/Dao with blue vest), Long-dressed Yao(Dao Tuyen/Dao with long tunics). Although there are many subgroups, traditional clothes are many ways similar to China’s Yao due to cultural characteristic. Ceremonial clothes are fancy and decorative, but everyday clothes are considered to have Vietnam’s Dao’s own looks. Women wear short pant with long sleeve top(jacket) as everyday clothes, and wear apron under jacket. They tie the right and left side’s long front parts like belts and wear scarf over their head. Dyed black upper and lower clothes’ front hem is simply decorated with red cloth. Dao’s traditional clothes culture, which was protected by its isolated natural environment, ethnicity, and customs, can slowly disappear. Many were wearing western clothes with traditional clothes while the research was conducted. Ways of wearing traditional clothes were not kept and informal clothes were incorporated, compromising the traditional clothes culture. There were difficulties grasping overall traditional clothes culture of Dao living in Vietnam. Research on different pattern’s symbolic meaning, ceremonial process and clothes for holiday is anticipated for later research. For now, the research was conducted to understand the form of everyday clothes and unique way of wearing them and the current state the clothes culture is in.