고전소설에 나타난 노제(路祭)의 문학적 의미

Abstract

This paper pays more attentions to the fact that road rite appeared in classical novels was accommodated as techniques of literature and art expressing meaning of literature not just as simple superficial rituals. Therefore, this paper intents to re-illuminate its meaning of literature and find new directions for techniques of creating classical novels. Road rites appeared in classical rites are used for ① method of praying and defeating vicious ghost, ② place for relieving chagrined death and ③ method for becoming the others. Article, ① is expressed in a way that functions of its instinctive praying and heavenly bliss are extended and site of ritual is nullified, and funeral oration appears as praying for heaven toward heaven and mountains and rivers. Simplified road rites consisting of praying on roads and emotions are appearing in Sookwhanggeon․Anrackookgeon․Jeoksungeuijeon. In case of Article, ②, road rites are used for place for relieving deaths with resentful stories and sudden deaths. Leesanggyejanggeon․Anrackookgeon and other novels pursues for living together with dead and alive people through road rite relieving chagrined death. Article ③ shows that the essence of human existence proceeds for a new possibility instead of being changed into death through road rite in which character in the novel make it becoming the others thoroughly. It shows essence of the existence regardless of death and live, time and space and spirits and body performing road rite which make deaths become others. Road rites appeared in classical novels play roles for ① pursuing recovering instinctive worlds, ② disassembling real world and re-structuring it and ③ function of literature expressing beauty of loftiness, and with these roles, they implement creational background for literatures. Article ①, shows instinctive thinking which intents to recover life before death in a way that characters in novels confront instinctive problems which led their life to failures. In road rites in which characters appeared in Ssangneibungi․Manboksajeopogi․Leesanggyejanggeon․Anrackookgeon recovered intrinsic worlds and leave for next worlds, we can understand awareness of people at that time who recognized real world and after-death world as an extended life. Article ② contains a thinking that classical novels dissolve problems of real world and restructure it escaping from their existing customs and values. We can illuminate the fact that they wanted to escape from ordeals, discords, hypocrisy and respectability through road rites appeared in Hasanggiwoojeon․Jongokjeon․Kiminwhangjeon. Article ③ accept a road rite as means for highlighting high values of that time such as apprehension of the truth, aloofness, obedience to their´s parents or love and integrity. There are road rites which have close relations with beauty of loftiness revitalizing subject of literatures such as Joosangjeon․Weegyeongchunjeon whereas there are road rites focusing on ideologies of Confucianism and divine life as they are inserted as a cartoon in novels. By dissolving problems of this world left by the deceased, and pursuing for advancing to more useful directions with the deceased and living people together, this is a philosophy of living together which is pursued by classical novels. Road rite is a device of literature including those views of death and life. Road rite appeared in Ssangneibungi exposes human-centric ideology attached to essence of the existence while it cures and replace their agonies into world´ view of living together through intercourse of the death and live people. The road rite of Kiminwhanggeon solves discords through intercourse of the death and live people and dissolve wishes of individual ego, and gives reasonability which enables word view of Confucianism to exist. Different from previous examples which pursued for living together of the death and life, Simchungjeon is very distinctive from the fact that it showed view of life and death pursing for living together of individual ego and world. This is largely due to functions of literature which replaced death of “Simchung” with a dignity. As literature approach for road rite is a clue for predicting view of life and death at that time, it is necessary to do more detailed survey on individual literature. And at the same time, if the surveys are performed along with subjective, material and background discussions, it´s expected that there can be a new understanding for literature creation techniques of early era.