김조규 시의 공간적 특성과 소재 상관성 연구 - 재만 시기(1939-1945)를 중심으로

Abstract

Kim Jo-kyu's poems include repeatedly used poetic materials such as dusk, night, window, sea, port, train and station. Each material is organically linked in terms of the form and content of the poem, ultimately providing an important aesthetic characteristic of the Kim Jo-kyu’s poetry world. Nevertheless, prior studies are suspected of treating Kim Jo-kyu with a simplified version of his material characteristics. As a result, the in-depth features, intended by his poem, such as the placement of images, spatial meaning and correlation of the poetic diction’s affiliation are not fully revealed. This paper will examine carefully the spatial meaning of Kim Jo-kyu’s poetry and material correlation, focusing on works which is published when he was in Manchuria. First, the night space in Kim Jo-kyu’s poetry world frequently interacts trains and oceans, which, as Minkowski mentioned, works organically with the inherent “materialistic” nature of darkness to create a unique sentiment and poetic atmosphere. In addition, in the night space, the sea has a positive meaning that reveals both freedom and happy memories. Night reveals the oppression of negative reality itself, but night’s inherent features, such as “silence” and “desolate”, serve as the poetic subject to vent his sad feelings and immerse himself in the mood of that emotion, allowing him to forget his miserable identity as a wandering soul for a while and to be able to heal himself. Although Manchuria is also a place where Japan's doctored ideology is actively used, it is a place with a double meaning that exists as a solemn political system of a country for the people of the ruling class. For them, therefore, it is a place of life that has been subject to resistance and forced to adapt at the same time. Kim Jo-kyu poeticizes the contradictory reality of Manchuria as “daytime space”, and, in the process, he portrays negativity combining the ideology of Wang Do-nak-toh and Five Peoples Unity. Kim Jo-kyu’s poem about a train station in the “dusky space” reveals his compassion for the others and humanism most specifically. If “the night space” has the power and composure to forget for a while the hard life as a wandering person and restore its inner fullness and unique identity, so that it can withstand harsh reality “daytime sapce”, Kim Jo-kyu’s lyrical subjects show a attitude of community aim by showing empathy and compassion for the unfortunate others in the train station during the dim hours.