Contrastive Negation, Emphatic do and Left-Edge Ellipsis
2
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
In this paper, we examine contrastive negation of verbal elements in English (e.g. Mary should not praise but denounce John.). As noted by McCawley (1998), when the auxiliary do substitutes for the modal in this example, the verb in the second conjunct must be tense-inflected. However, we observe that with emphatic do, the verb can be in its base form. We argue that the contrast arises because emphatic do (but not non-emphatic do) allows coordination of verbal element. We also argue that the contracted negator n’t invariably functions as sentential negation and thus requires tense-inflection on the verb in the second conjunct (e.g. Mary didn’t praise but denounced John.). In contrast, the uncontracted negator not can function as either constituent or sentential negation, giving rise to structural ambiguity. We further contend that the identical form surfaces through the process of Left-Edge Ellipsis.
Abstract
In this paper, we examine contrastive negation of verbal elements in English (e.g. Mary should not praise but denounce John.). As noted by McCawley (1998), when the auxiliary do substitutes for the modal in this example, the verb in the second conjunct must be tense-inflected. However, we observe that with emphatic do, the verb can be in its base form. We argue that the contrast arises because emphatic do (but not non-emphatic do) allows coordination of verbal element. We also argue that the contracted negator n’t invariably functions as sentential negation and thus requires tense-inflection on the verb in the second conjunct (e.g. Mary didn’t praise but denounced John.). In contrast, the uncontracted negator not can function as either constituent or sentential negation, giving rise to structural ambiguity. We further contend that the identical form surfaces through the process of Left-Edge Ellipsis.
참고문헌 (34)
- Beavers, John, "Ellipsis and apparent non-constituent coordination", Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (2004), CSLI
- Bruening, Benjamin, "Precede-and-command revisited", Language, 90(2), pp.342~388 (2014)
- Citko, Barbara, "The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Minimalism", pp.119~142 (2011), Oxford University Press
- Chomsky, Noam, "Syntactic Structures" (1957), The Hague
- Close, Joanne, "English Auxiliaries: A Syntactic Study of Contraction and Variation", Ph. D, pp.2004
- Goodall, Grant, "Parallel Structures in Syntax: Coordination, Causatives, and Restructuring" (1987), Cambridge University Press
- Gutzmann, Daniel, "Verum focus is verum, not focus: Cross-linguistic evidence", Glossa : a Journal of General Linguistics, 5(1), pp.51~ (2020)
- Ha, Seungwan, "Multiple dominance can’t, but ellipsis can account for Right Node Raising", Chicago Linguistic Society, 42, pp.17~31 (2006)
- Hankamer, Jorge, "Constraints on Deletion in Syntax", Ph. D, pp.1971
- Heim, Irene, "Predicates or formulas? Evidence from ellipsis", Proceedings of SALT, 7, pp.197~221 (1997)
- Hofmeister, Philip, "A linearization account of either. . . or constructions", Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 28, pp.275~314 (2010)
- Höhle, Tilman N, "Informationsstruktur und GrammatikJoachim", pp.112~141 (1992), Westdeutscher Verlag
- Klima, Edward S, "The Structure of Language: Readings in the Philosophy of Language", pp.246~323 (1964), Prentice-Hall
- Laka, Itziar, "Negation in syntax: On the Nature of Functional Categories and Projections", Ph. D, pp.1990
- Levine, Robert D., "Linearization and its discontents", Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG 2011), pp.126~146 (2011)
- McCawley, James D, "Parentheticals and Discontinous Constituents", Linguistic Inquiry, 13, pp.91~106 (1982)
- McCawley, James D, "The Syntactic Phenomena of English" (1998), University of Chicago Press
- Postal, Paul Martin, "On Raising: One Rule of English Grammar and its Theoretical Implications" (1974), MIT Press
- Postal, Paul Martin, "Skeptical Linguistic Essays" (2004), Oxford University Press
- Romero, Maribel, "Focus, ellipsis and the semantics of alternative questions", Empirical Issues in Formal Syntax, 4, pp.291~307 (2003)
- Ross, John R., "Constraints on Variables in Syntax", Ph.D, pp.1967
- Sabbagh, Joseph, "Right Node Raising", Language and Linguistics Compass, 8(1), pp.24~35 (2014)
- Sailor, Craig, "On the non-existence of non-constituent coordination and non-constituent ellipsis", Proceedings of the 31st West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, pp.361~370 (2013)
- Schütze, Carson T, "Synchronic and diachronic microvariation in English do", Lingua, 114, pp.495~516 (2004)
- Toosarvandani, Maziar, "Corrective but coordinates clauses not always but sometimes", Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 31, pp.827~863 (2013)
- van Oirsouw, Robert R, "The Syntax of Coordination" (1987), Croom Helm
- Vries, Mark de, "On multidominance and linearization", Biolinguistics, 3, pp.344~403 (2009)
- Wexler, Kenneth, "Formal Principles of Language Acquisition" (1980), MIT Press
- Wilder, Chris, "Clitics, Pronouns, and Movement", pp.321~362 (1997), Amsterdam
- Wilder, Chris, "Studies on Universal Grammar and Typological Variation", pp.59~107 (1997), John Benjamins
- Wilder, Chris, "Right Node Raising and the LCA", Proceedings on the Eighteenth West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, pp.586~598 (1999)
- Wilder, Chris, "Topics in Ellipsis", pp.229~258 (2008), Cambridge University Press
- Wilder, Chris, "English ‘emphatic do’", Lingua, 128, pp.142~171 (2013)
- Wilder, Chris, "Long head movement? Verb movement and cliticization in Croatian", Lingua, 93, pp.1~58 (1994)