제주 본풀이에 표현된 집단기억과 제주인의 정체성 연구

Abstract

What is Bonpuri? Bonpuri is about the story of the gods who serve in Gut, but the story is about humans. Jeju’s Bonpuri is a story of the internal colony’s people who have lived on an island called ‘the land beyond the water’ since King Chungryeol of Goryeo, but they called it ‘the spiritual land’. This Bonpuri is a story formed through selection and arrangement during a long oral process, and thus contains the collective memories. This collective memory forms the identity of Jeju people and forms a cultural unconscious, as can be seen in Bonpuri, which is still represented in the field of Gut. An narrative code that connects Bonpuri with the identity is externality. Jeju people’s attitude toward the external forces that come from the outside expresses and constructs their identity. This attitude can be largely divided into resistance and cooperation. There are two types of resistance; conscious and political resistance, unconscious and nonpolitical resistance. The former examples are the shaman Go of Godaejang-Bonpuri who resolved a drought on Jeju, the local governor Yangee of Local governor-Yangee-Bonpuri who fought risking his life against the state power, and the indigenous gods of Eighth-Shrine-Bonpuri who showed unconscious exclusion of the foreign gods. There are two types of cooperation; voluntary and active cooperation, involuntary and passive cooperation. The former examples are the sailors of Gwangcheongagy-Bonpuri who murdered a pregnant Gwangcheongagy, the Boo families of Boodaegak-Bonpuri who blinded Boodaegak, and the babysitter of Gonae-Shrine-Bonpuri who helped the three commanders. The latter examples are the shipowner An of Najookiminchang-Bonpuri who spent all of his property to save the Jeju people and Cheonjaddo and Backjooddo of Sehwua-Shrine-Bonpuri who gave up their food habits to accept the rebel Geumsang. In the Jeju Bonpuri, Jeju’s history of dealing with external power through various forms of resistance and cooperation is internalized into cultural and collective memories. This is the inner colonial identity of Jeju, and the power to reconstruct Jeju people through Gut. In this sense, Jeju Bonpuri is a political memory and a politics of memory.