Not an empty operator but a null topic in Korean relatives and the nature of a RC-internal gap
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Departing from previous studies of Korean relatives, this paper provides a topicalization-based analysis for this construction (cf. Kuno (1973, 1976)). More specifically, unlike English counterparts, Korean relatives do not have gaps inside TPs of relative clauses (RCs), but at their peripheries. These gaps are identified not with empty operators, but with null topics, thereby entering into the same topic-comment interpretive relation with the ensuing TPs as the topic construction in Korean does. This proposal has several theoretical advantages. It offers a unified analysis for both apparently gapless adnominal clauses and apparently gapped relative clauses. It also accounts for the island immunity that Korean relatives display. Furthermore, the base-generation of null topics at the edges of RCs, and thereby the typical absence of the RC-internal gaps they interpretively associate with, predicts that it takes pragmatics and extra-linguistic knowledge to obtain the proper meaning relation between null topics and the following RC-internal TPs. In this approach, apparent postulation of gaps within RC-internal TPs needs to be explained by the LF reconstruction of null topics (or the corresponding RC head NPs).
Abstract
Departing from previous studies of Korean relatives, this paper provides a topicalization-based analysis for this construction (cf. Kuno (1973, 1976)). More specifically, unlike English counterparts, Korean relatives do not have gaps inside TPs of relative clauses (RCs), but at their peripheries. These gaps are identified not with empty operators, but with null topics, thereby entering into the same topic-comment interpretive relation with the ensuing TPs as the topic construction in Korean does. This proposal has several theoretical advantages. It offers a unified analysis for both apparently gapless adnominal clauses and apparently gapped relative clauses. It also accounts for the island immunity that Korean relatives display. Furthermore, the base-generation of null topics at the edges of RCs, and thereby the typical absence of the RC-internal gaps they interpretively associate with, predicts that it takes pragmatics and extra-linguistic knowledge to obtain the proper meaning relation between null topics and the following RC-internal TPs. In this approach, apparent postulation of gaps within RC-internal TPs needs to be explained by the LF reconstruction of null topics (or the corresponding RC head NPs).
참고문헌 (32)
- Bhatt, Rajesh, "The raising analysis of relative clauses : evidence from adjectival modification", Natural Language Semantics, 10, pp.43~90 (2002)
- Chae, Hee-Rahk, "Hankwukeey kwayen kwankyeyceli concayhanunka(Are there relative clauses in Korean)", Korean Journal of Linguistics, 37, pp.1043~1065 (2012)
- Choe, Hyun-Sook, "Case, the X-bar theory and Korean syntax", Ms, pp.1985
- Choi, Incheol, "Noun phrase accessibility and acquisition of English relative clauses by Korean learners", Linguistic Research, 25(2), pp.83~104 (2008)
- Choi, Kiyong, "The head-NP raising analysis of a relative clause in Korean", A poster presentation at the 2022 SICOGG (2022)
- Chomsky, Noam, "Formal syntax", pp.71~132 (1977), Academic Press
- Choo, Miho, "A unified account of null pronouns in Korean", Doctor, pp.1994
- Collins, Chris, "Gaps, ghosts, and gapless relatives in spoken English", Studia Linguistica, 69(2), pp.191~235 (2015)
- Han, Chung-hye, "On the syntax of relative clause in Korean", Canadian Journal of Linguistics, 58, pp.319~347 (2013)
- Han, Chung-hye, "Are there "double relative clauses" in Korean?", Linguistic Inquiry, 35, pp.315~337 (2004)
- Han, Jong-Im, "Syntactic movement analysis of Korean relativization", Language Research, 28, pp.335~357 (1992)
- Huang, C.-T. James, "On the distribution and reference of empty pronouns", Linguistic Inquiry, 15, pp.531~574 (1984)
- Kang, Myung-Yoon, "Kwukeuy kwankyeyhwa (Relativization in Korean)", MA, pp.1985
- Kang, Myung-Yoon, "Topics in Korean syntax: Phrase structure, variable binding and movement", Ph.D., pp.1988
- Kang, Young-Se, "Korean syntax and Universal Grammar", Doctor, pp.1986
- Kim, Ilkyu, "Is Korean -(n)un a topic marker? On the nature of -(n)un and its relation to information structure", Lingua, 154, pp.87~109 (2015)
- Kim, Min-gook, "Haykemyengsa uy kwankyehwa cenlyak ey tayhan yenkwu (A Study on the restriction of relativization of head noun)", Hankwuk ehak (Korean Linguistics), 47, pp.131~162 (2010)
- Kuno, Susumu, "The structure of the Japanese language" (1973), MIT Press
- Kuno, Susumu, "Subject and topic", pp.417~444 (1976), Academic Press
- Kwon, Nayoung, "Processing of syntactic and anaphoric gap-filler dependencies in Korean: Evidence from self-paced reading time, ERP and eye-tracking experiments", Doctor, pp.2008
- Lee, Eun-Ji, "A raising analysis of the relative head in Korean", Studies in Generative Grammar, 22(2), pp.323~357 (2012)
- Lee, Jieun, "(In)compatibility between relative clauses and topic constructions", Hyengthaylon (Morphology), 19(2), pp.198~217 (2017)
- Park, Byung-Soo, "A constraint-based analysis of nominal modifiers: Constraints on relative clause constructions", Linguistic Research, 19, pp.1~23 (2002)
- Rizzi, Luigi, "Elements of grammar: A handbook of generative syntax", pp.281~337 (1997), Kluwer
- Song, Jae Jung, "Korean relative clause constructions: Conspiracy and pragmatics", Australian Journal of Linguistics, 11(2), pp.195~220 (1991)
- Stowell, Timothy, "Weakest crossover", Linguistic Inquiry, 22, pp.687~720 (1991)
- Yeom, Jae-il, "Coerced relative clauses in Korean", Language Research, 53(2), pp.287~320 (2017)
- Yang, Hyun-Kwon, "Categories and barriers in Korean", Doctor, pp.1990
- Yeon, Jaehoon, "Yuhyenglon cek kwancem uy hankwuk.e kwankyecel yenkwu (A functional-typological study on Korean relative clauses)", Journal of Korean Linguistics, 63, pp.413~457 (2012)
- Yeon, Jaehoon, "Extra-linguistic knowledge and pragmatics in the interpretation of Korean relative clauses", Language and Information Society, 44, pp.297~336 (2021)
- Yoon, Jae-Hak, "Different semantics for different syntax: Relative clauses in Korean", Ohio State University working papers in linguistics, 42, pp.199~226 (1993)
- Yoon, Jeong-Me, "Double relativization in Korean: An explanation based on the processing approach to island effects", Korean Journal of Linguistics, 36, pp.157~193 (2011)