연교 약재 후보 자원, 개나리 (물푸레나무과)의 이화주성 및 성적 이형화현상 연구
Study of Distyly and Sexual Dimorphism in Forsythia Koreana (Oleaceae), which Potential Alternative Resources for Forsythiae Fructus
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Background: Forsythia koreana (Rehder) Nakai (family Oleaceae) is a perennial shrub that may be considered as a substitute for F. suspensa and F. viridissima in Korea, which are sources of For- sythiae Fructus. This study was conducted to confirm sexual dimorphism in two F. koreana morphs by analyzing their sexual system (distyly or heterostyly) and pollen viability for effective fruit set. Methods and Results: Floral structure, pollen size, and pollen viability were studied by micro- scopic analyses. Sepal, petal, and leaf epidermal cells were observed using a scanning electron microscope, which confirmed sexual dimorphism in F. koreana. The thrum flowers were signifi- cantly larger and had higher pollen viability than the pin flowers. The micromorphological traits of sepals, petals, and leaves were not significantly different between the two morphs. Conclusions: F. koreana, with its distyly characteristics, sexual dimorphism, and fruit production, has the potential to be an alternative source of Forsythiae Fructus. However, comprehensive analyt- ical studies of the specific bioactive compounds in this species are essential to confirm their pharma- cological suitability compared with those of F. suspensa and F. viridissima, which are widely used.
Abstract
Background: Forsythia koreana (Rehder) Nakai (family Oleaceae) is a perennial shrub that may be considered as a substitute for F. suspensa and F. viridissima in Korea, which are sources of For- sythiae Fructus. This study was conducted to confirm sexual dimorphism in two F. koreana morphs by analyzing their sexual system (distyly or heterostyly) and pollen viability for effective fruit set. Methods and Results: Floral structure, pollen size, and pollen viability were studied by micro- scopic analyses. Sepal, petal, and leaf epidermal cells were observed using a scanning electron microscope, which confirmed sexual dimorphism in F. koreana. The thrum flowers were signifi- cantly larger and had higher pollen viability than the pin flowers. The micromorphological traits of sepals, petals, and leaves were not significantly different between the two morphs. Conclusions: F. koreana, with its distyly characteristics, sexual dimorphism, and fruit production, has the potential to be an alternative source of Forsythiae Fructus. However, comprehensive analyt- ical studies of the specific bioactive compounds in this species are essential to confirm their pharma- cological suitability compared with those of F. suspensa and F. viridissima, which are widely used.