관용 표현의 확장 기제 - 신체어 ‘머리’를 중심으로
On semantic extension mechanisms of Korean idiomatic expressions: the case of ‘head’ in Korean
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초록
This paper explores the cognitive aspects of the concepts related to ‘head’ as reflected in idiom formation. It is further intended to identify the Idealized Cognitive Model (ICM) of the ‘head’ in Korean and investigate the intricate relationship between the two cognitive mechanisms, with reference to semantic extension patterns involving the term. Metonymic extension comprises of two distinct subtypes, i.e. contextual reducing effect and active zone. The contextual reducing effect operates among the syntagmatic elements in juxtaposition by way of selecting one element to represent the whole, whereas the active zone operates paradigmatically among the polysemous elements by way of selecting one activated element to represent the partonomic or synecdoche relationship. With reference to metaphor, this paper asserts that, departing from the widely accepted view that the body-part term ‘head’ serves as the source of the metaphoric mapping, ‘head’ often serves as the target concept. This metaphorization process is critically dependent on the preceding metonymization process whereby the ‘head’ represents its active zone, the ‘brain’, as the locus where the abstraction process of referring to cogitation or perception occurs. The conceptual metaphors with reference to the ‘head’ are instantiated as three major types: HEAD IS CONTAINER; HEAD IS MACHINE, and HEAD IS WAY; and the orientational metaphors with reference to the ‘head’ are APPEARANCE IS UP, SUBMITTED/ DISAPPOINTEDE/SHAMEFUL IS DOWN.
Abstract
This paper explores the cognitive aspects of the concepts related to ‘head’ as reflected in idiom formation. It is further intended to identify the Idealized Cognitive Model (ICM) of the ‘head’ in Korean and investigate the intricate relationship between the two cognitive mechanisms, with reference to semantic extension patterns involving the term. Metonymic extension comprises of two distinct subtypes, i.e. contextual reducing effect and active zone. The contextual reducing effect operates among the syntagmatic elements in juxtaposition by way of selecting one element to represent the whole, whereas the active zone operates paradigmatically among the polysemous elements by way of selecting one activated element to represent the partonomic or synecdoche relationship. With reference to metaphor, this paper asserts that, departing from the widely accepted view that the body-part term ‘head’ serves as the source of the metaphoric mapping, ‘head’ often serves as the target concept. This metaphorization process is critically dependent on the preceding metonymization process whereby the ‘head’ represents its active zone, the ‘brain’, as the locus where the abstraction process of referring to cogitation or perception occurs. The conceptual metaphors with reference to the ‘head’ are instantiated as three major types: HEAD IS CONTAINER; HEAD IS MACHINE, and HEAD IS WAY; and the orientational metaphors with reference to the ‘head’ are APPEARANCE IS UP, SUBMITTED/ DISAPPOINTEDE/SHAMEFUL IS DOWN.
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