상대일본어의 주어와 조사 ga

Abstract

The modern Japanese has one subject marker $quot;ga$quot;, however; in some cases the $quot;ga$quot; takes the roles of genitive and objective. Originally the particle $quot;ga$quot; was a genitive(including connective) marker in ancient Japanese. It has historical implications to which I want to pay attention. In ancient Japanese texts there have been three subjective forms $quot;ga$quot;, $quot;no$quot; and $quot;i$quot;. But it is questionable whether the $quot;i$quot; was a native form or not; since the distribution of the $quot;i$quot; was extremely restricted and it left no reflexes behind except in certain kinds of texts. The functions of the particle $quot;ga$quot; were three-folded as well known(Hashimoto, 1969) the first was genetive, the second was subjective and the third was conjunctive. The historical developments from the genitive to the conjunctive were well established by Ishigaki(1955). Interesting enough, the form $quot;no$quot; showed a similarity to the $quot;ga$quot; in the syntactic behaviors. I specified the distributions of $quot;ga$quot; and $quot;no$quot;, obtaining the results through the exhaustive examples as follows. In forming N+N structure, the distinction between the two forms was semantic and pragmatic not syntactic; as was mentioned with $quot;uti/soto$quot; in Oono(1977). I gave them the features instead; [±HUMAN] [±INTIMATE]. In constituting the noun and the predicate esp. adjective, they showed us a significant difference; Along with the distinction of the adjectives (objective/subjective description in ancient period) $quot;ku$quot;-adjectives had been matched with $quot;no$quot; and $quot;siku$quot;-adjectives with $quot;no$quot; and $quot;ga$quot;. Why the modern Japanese has $quot;hurusato-ga koisii$quot; $lt;I long for home$gt; not $quot;hurusato-no ∼$quot; might be explained to the semantic and pragmatic meaning of the $quot;ga$quot; in ancient period. And the exclusive development to the conjunctive $quot;ga$quot; can be interpreted in this way, either. In conclusion, the development of subjective marker was not yet achieved in ancient Japanese as far as the inspection on the texts; Mannyoosyuu, Kiki-kayoo and Senmyoo around 8 C A. D.