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혼합정서 얼굴표정의 범주적 지각에 미치는 정서명칭 효과

Emotion Labeling Effects on the Categorical Perception of a Blended Emotion Facial Expression

이동훈|김비아|양현보
한국인지및생물심리학회 (Korean Society For Cognitive and Biological Psychology)|2020.04|한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물 (Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology)|제32권 제2호|pp. 235-248|DOI 10.22172/cogbio.2020.32.2.009

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참고문헌

키워드

the theory of constructed emotion구성된정서이론범주적지각정서명칭효과얼굴정서지각categorical perceptionemotion label effectfacial emotion perception
주제분류심리과학

초록

범주적 지각(CP)이란 특정 경계를 기준으로 대상의 연속적인 변화가 급격히 불연속적인 범주로 지각되는 현상이다. 얼굴표정 CP는 기본정서이론의 관점에서 진화적 정서처리 기제의 결과물로 해석되었으나, 구성된 정서 이론은 사람들이 “분노”, “슬픔”, “공포” 등의 명칭으로 얼굴표정을 범주화함으로써 이 현상이 발생한다고 주장한다. 그러나 성인은 이미 반복적인 정서경험을 통해 얼굴표정을 “기쁨”, “공포”, “슬픔” 등의 명칭으로 범주화하는 행위에 전문화 되어있어, 얼굴표정 CP가 진화적 정서처리 기제에 의한 것인지, 정서명칭에 의한 것인지를 구분하기 어려웠다. 본 연구는 두 기본정서표정(공포, 혐오)을 물리적으로 혼합함으로써 상대적으로 정서범주가 불분명한 비전형적 ‘공포+혐오’ 혼합정서표정을 생성하고, 여기에 정서명칭(‘끔찍하다’)을 부여하거나 부여하지 않음으로써 정서명칭이 얼굴표정 CP에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 실험 결과, 혼합정서표정에 명칭을 부여한 집단에 한하여 CP가 발생하였다. 정서명칭의 부여를 통해 비전형적 혼합정서표정의 CP를 유발한 본 연구의 결과는 정서지각이 구성되는 과정에 언어가 핵심적인 역할을 한다는 구성된 정서 이론을 지지한다.

Abstract

From the view of the basic emotion theory, categorical perception (CP) of facial expressions occurs as a result of the biologically endowed ability for recognition of emotions. On the contrary, the theory of constructed emotion argues that people perceive facial expressions categorically because they have labels like “anger,” “sadness,” and “fear,” which provide conceptual knowledge of emotions to structural information of facial movements. However, it is difficult to determine whether CP of facial expressions is due to the innate ability for facial expression or due to emotion labels, because adults are already familiar with basic facial expressions and may label them easily. To answer this question, we created a non-stereotypical blended facial expression, which is relatively ambiguous to categorize as a specific emotion, by blending of two basic emotion expressions (‘fear’, ‘disgust’). In the CP experiment using X-AB discrimination task, the influence of the label was examined by providing an emotion label (“horrible”) to the blended expression or not. As a result of the experiment, CP was only observed in the groups who labeled the blended expression. The current result showing that CP of a blended facial expression is facilitated by an emotion label supports the claim of the theory of constructed emotion.

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