정보 노출 상황에서의 P300-기반 숨김정보검사
The P300-based Concealed Information Test in the situation of Information Leakage
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 정보 노출에 대한 P300-기반 숨김정보검사의 한계점을 극복하고자 허위정보(misleading information)와 문장을 사용하여 실험을 진행하였다. 허위정보는 피험자에게 범죄와 관련되어 있다고 고의로 노출시킨 정보로, 실제로는 범죄와 관련이 없는 정보를 의미한다. 피험자는 크게 모의 범죄를 수행함으로써 범죄관련정보를 습득하거나(유죄집단, n=58), 모의 범죄를 설명한 동영상을 시청함으로써 범죄관련정보를 습득하는(정보노출-무죄집단, n=53) 두 개의 집단으로 나누어졌다. 각 집단은 다시 뇌파 검사가 진행되기 전에 허위정보에 노출되는 지에 따라 통제조건, 한 개의 허위정보에 노출되는 조건, 두 개의 허위정보에 노출되는 조건의 세 가지 조건으로 분류되었다. 뇌파검사가 진행되는 동안 주어/목적어/동사 구조의 문장이 자극으로 제시되었다. 유죄집단은 목적어와 서술어에서 허위정보 조건에 상관없이 탐침자극과 무관련자극 간에 유의미한 P300 진폭 차이가 나타났다. 정보노출-무죄집단의 경우 목적어와 서술어에 대해 통제조건에서만 탐침자극에 대한 높은 P300 진폭이 나타났으며, 허위정보에 노출되었을 때에는 탐침자극의 P300 진폭이 감소하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 허위정보가 P300-기반 숨김정보검사에서 정보노출-무죄집단에 대한 허위긍정오류(false positive)를 감소시키는데 효과적임을 나타내며, 허위정보의 개수가 증가하여도 효과적임을 보여준다.
Abstract
This study investigated the method resistant to information leakage in P300-based concealed information test using misleading information and Korean sentences. The misleading information is intentionally introduced to participants as a crime-related item. Participants acquired crime-related knowledge either by committing mock crime (guilty group, n=58) or watching a video that describes a mock crime (informed-innocent group, n=53). Each group was divided into three conditions by exposing to misleading information before the concealed information test : control, 1-misleading information, 2-misleading information. During the concealed information test, the sentence stimuli were presented in subject-object-verb order. There was a significant difference in P300 amplitude between the probe and irrelevant stimuli for object and verb elements regardless of misleading information condition in the guilty group. In the informed-innocent group, the probe stimulus elicited larger P300 amplitude compared to irrelevant stimuli for object and verb elements only in the control condition, but not in the 1-misleading information and 2-misleading information condition. These results suggest that the misleading information in the P300-based concealed information test is effective in reducing false positive outcomes of informed-innocents, even that the number of misleading information increases.
참고문헌 (36)
- Beck, A. T., "An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety : psychometric properties", Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 56(6), pp.893~ (1988)
- Ben-Shakhar, G., "Clinical judgment and decision-making in CQT-polygraphy", Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science, 26(3), pp.232~240 (1991)
- Bradley, M. T., "10Leakage of information to innocent suspects. Memory detection: Theory and application of the Concealed Information Test" (2011), Cambridge University Press
- Bull, R., "The polygraph test: Lies, truth and science", pp.10~19 (1988)
- Christie, R., "Studies in machiavellianism" (2013), Academic Press
- Farwell, L. A., "The truth will out:Interrogative polygraphy (“lie detection”) with event‐related brain potentials", Psychophysiology, 28(5), pp.531~547 (1991)
- Ford, E. B., "Lie detection : Historical, neuropsychiatric and legal dimensions", International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 29(3), pp.159~177 (2006)
- 고은진, "문장을 이용한 복합 시행 프로토콜 P300-기반 유죄지식검사: 대응책 사용 관련 P900 요인", 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물, 32(2), pp.145~160 (2020), 한국인지및생물심리학회[DOI]
- Greenhouse, S. W., "On methods in the analysis of profile data", Psychometrika, 24(2), pp.95~112 (1959)
- Grubin, D., "Lie detection and the polygraph : A historical review", The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 16(2), pp.357~369 (2005)
- Happel, M. D., "Neuroscience and the Detection of Deception", Review of Policy Research, 22(5), pp.667~685 (2005)
- 홍성욱, "기능성자기공명영상(fMRI)을 이용한 거짓말 탐지 증거의 정확도와 법적 시사점", 서울대학교 법학, 52(3), pp.511~540 (2011), 법학연구소
- Jung, E. K., "Frontoparietal activity during deceptive responses in the P300-based guilty knowledge test : An sLORETA study", Neuroimage, 78, pp.305~315 (2013)
- 정은경, "P300-기반 유죄지식검사의 탐지정확률 비교: 부트스트랩 방법을 중심으로", 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물, 25(1), pp.75~92 (2013), 한국인지및생물심리학회[DOI]
- 강기영, "문장을 이용한 P300-기반 유죄지식검사", 한국심리학회지: 사회및성격, 24(4), pp.19~41 (2010), 한국사회및성격심리학회[DOI]
- Kim, H. T., "EEG analysis technique that can be tested even in information leakage situations", Paper presented at Supreme Prosecutors’ Office & Rhetoric Society of Korea academic Conference, pp.11~31 (2018)
- 김석찬, "폴리그래프 검사 요인에 따른 검찰 처분 및 판결 일치도 연구: 검찰청 폴리그래프 실증 연구", 한국심리학회지:법, 6(1), pp.13~31 (2015), 한국법심리학회
- Kim, Y. H., "An implementation of the MMPI-2" (1994), Guidance
- 김영윤, "P300-기반 거짓말 탐지 연구", 한국심리학회지: 사회및성격, 23(1), pp.111~129 (2009), 한국사회및성격심리학회[DOI]
- Kwon, S. M., "Assessment of Psychopathology in Anxiety Disorder", The Korean Journal of Psychopathology, 6(1), pp.37~51 (1997)
- Labkovsky, E., "A novel Dual Probe Complex Trial Protocol for detection of concealed information", Psychophysiology, 51(11), pp.1122~1130 (2014)
- Lee, Y. H., "A Study of the Reliability and the Validity of the BDI, SDS, and MMPI-D Scales", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 10(1), pp.98~113 (1991)
- Lui, M., "Detection of deception about multiple, concealed, mock crime items, based on a spatialtemporal analysis of ERP amplitude and scalp distribution", Psychophysiology, 45(5), pp.721~730 (2008)
- Lukacs, G., "Item Roles Explored in a Modified P300-Based CTP Concealed Information Test", Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback, 44(3), pp.195~209 (2019)
- Olson, J., "Deleterious effects of probe‐related versus irrelevant targets on the “CIT effect” in the P300‐and RT‐based three‐stimulus protocol for detection of concealed information", Psychophysiology, 56(12), pp.e13459~ (2019)
- Peth, J., "Memory detection using fMRI—Does the encoding context matter?", NeuroImage, 113, pp.164~174 (2015)
- Polich, J., "Updating P300 : an integrative theory of P3a and P3b", Clinical neurophysiology, 118(10), pp.2128~2148 (2007)
- Polich, J., "P300, cognitive capability, and personality : A correlational study of university undergraduates", Personality and individual differences, 13(5), pp.533~543 (1992)
- Rosenfeld, J. P., "A modified, event-related potential-based guilty knowledge test", International Journal of Neuroscience, 42(1-2), pp.157~161 (1988)
- Rosenfeld, J. P., "The Complex Trial Protocol(CTP) : A new, countermeasure-resistant, accurate, P300-based method for detection of concealed information", Psychophysiology, 45(6), pp.906~919 (2008)
- Rosenfeld, J. P., "Single versus multiple probe blocks of P300-based concealed information tests for self-referring versus incidentally obtained information", Biological psychology, 74(3), pp.396~404 (2007)
- Rosenfeld, J. P., "Simple, effective countermeasures to P300-based tests of detection of concealed information", Psychophysiology, 41(2), pp.205~219 (2004)
- Snyder, M., "Self-monitoring of expressive behavior", Journal of personality and social psychology, 30(4), pp.526~ (1974)
- 송인욱, "P300-CIT 부트스트랩 분석 비교", 한국심리학회지:법, 9(2), pp.75~99 (2018), 한국법심리학회
- 송인욱, "Can virtual mock crime replace actual mock crime? An event-related potential study", 한국심리학회지:법, 10(2), pp.89~109 (2019), 한국법심리학회[DOI]
- Winograd, M. R., "The impact of prior knowledge from participant instructions in a mock crime P300 Concealed Information Test", International journal of psychophysiology, 94(3), pp.473~481 (2014)