폭풍파랑에 따른 해빈과 호형 사주 지형변화 현장 관측 및 XBeach 모델 민감도 분석
Field Observation of Morphological Response to Storm Waves and Sensitivity Analysis of XBeach Model at Beach and Crescentic Bar
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초록
호형 사주는 동해안에서 흔히 분포하는 지형특징으로 고파랑시를 제외하고 리드미컬한 형상을 지속적으로유지한다. 하지만, 2019년 9, 10월에 동해안에 직 간접적 영향을 미친 연속적인 4개의 태풍으로 인해 해안선과 평행한 연안사주가 형성되었고 해안선 부근에 침식과 퇴적이 반복되는 패턴을 보였지만 전반적인 해안선 후퇴가 발생하였다(약 2m). 이와 같은 연속적인 폭풍파랑으로 인한 지형변화와 각 폭풍(NE-E 입사파) 이벤트의 영향을 모의하기위해 폭풍 사상시 해빈의 침식 모의에 널리 사용되는 XBeach를 사용하였다. 개선된 XBeach 수치모의를 위해 최신계수보정 연구 동향에 따라 계수보정이 실시되었으며, 이로부터 도출된 최적의 계수 값을 수치 모의에 적용하였다. 모델의 입력값으로 사용된 파랑, 조석 및 폭풍 사상 전후 수심 자료와 최적의 계수 값을 활용한 결과, 해안선 부근의 침식 및 퇴적 반복패턴(BSS = 0.77(침식 단면), 0.87(퇴적단면))과 해안선과 평행한 연안 사주의 형성을 성공적으로 모의하였다. 각 태풍의 최대 입사파고 도달 시 수치 모의된 전체 퇴적물 이동 벡터 및 지형변화 분석결과, 입사파향이 호형 사주의 거동에 상당한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 유의파고 크기뿐만 아니라 고파랑의 지속시간 또한 퇴적물 이동량의 중요한 요인으로 판단 된다. 하지만 모델링 결과, 내측 쇄파대(inner surfzone)의 지형변화 및 연안 사주의 마루의 정확한 위치 예측을 위해서는 추가적인 보정과정이 필요함을 시사한다.
Abstract
Crescentic sand bar in the coastal zone of eastern Korea is a common morphological feature and the rhythmic patterns exist constantly except for high wave energy events. However, four consecutive typhoons that directly and indirectly affected the East Sea of Korea from September to October in 2019 impacted the formation of longshore uniform sand bar and overall shoreline retreats (approx. 2 m) although repetitive erosion and accretion patterns exist near the shoreline. Widely used XBeach to predict storm erosions in the beach is utilized to investigate the morphological response to a series of storms and each storm impact (NE-E wave incidence). Several calibration processes for improved XBeach modeling are conducted by recently reported calibration methods and the optimal calibration set obtained is applied to the numerical simulation. Using observed wave, tide, and pre & post-storm bathymetries data with optimal calibration set for XBeach input, XBeach successfully reproduces erosion and accretion patterns near MSL (BSS = 0.77 (Erosion profile), 0.87 (Accretion profile)) and observed the formation of the longshore uniform sandbar. As a result of analysis of simulated total sediment transport vectors and bed level changes at each storm peak Hs, the incident wave direction contributes considerable impact to the behavior of crescentic sandbar. Moreover, not only the wave height but also storm duration affects the magnitude of the sediment transport. However, model results suggest that additional calibration processes are needed to predict the exact crest position of bar and bed level changes across the inner surfzone.
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