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조현형 성격 성향을 가진 대학생의 얼굴 정서 인식에 관한 사건관련전위 연구

Event-related potential study of facial affect recognition in college students with schizotypal traits

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참고문헌

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주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구는 조현병 환자에서 관찰되는 정서인식의 장애가 조현형 성격 성향을 가진 대학생들에서도 관찰되는지를 사건관련전위를 사용하여 알아보고자 하였다. 정서인식 과정이 얼굴의 구조적 부호화에 뒤이어 이루어진다고 알려져 있기 때문에 본 연구에서는 얼굴 인식과 얼굴 정서인식을 각각 얼굴-건물 판별과제와 얼굴정서 인식과제를 사용하여 조사하였다. 조현형 성격질문지에 근거하여 조현형 성격 성향군(n = 20)과 통제군(n = 20)을 선정하였다. 그 결과, 얼굴-건물 판별과제에서는 두 집단이 반응 시간과 반응 정확률에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았고, 얼굴의 구조적 부호화를 반영하는 N170 진폭에서도 두 집단 간 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 반면 얼굴정서 인식과제에서는 조현형 성격 성향군이 통제군에 비해 부정적 정서자극에서 더 낮은 정확률을 보였고, 통제군은 중립적 자극에 비해 정서 자극에서 더 큰 N250 진폭을 보인 반면, 조현형 성격 성향군에서는 중립적 자극과 정서 자극 간 N250 진폭 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과는 정서인식의 결함이 조현병을 포함하는 조현병 스펙트럼 장애의 특성 지표일 가능성과 얼굴 정서인식 과정과 얼굴의 구조적 부호화 과정이 서로 독립적으로 존재할 가능성을 시사한다.

Abstract

This study investigated deficits of facial affect recognition in college students with schizotypal traits using event-related potentials (ERPs). Based on the scores of Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), control (n=20) and schizotypal-trait groups (n=20) were selected. The ability of face identification was evaluated with a face-building discrimination test, in which participants were required to distinguish the pictures of human face and building. A facial affect recognition task, in which participants were required to distinguish faces exhibiting positive, negative or neutral emotion, was used for the measurement emotional recognition ability. The results of face-building discrimination task showed that the control and schizotypal-trait groups did not differ significantly in terms of response time and accuracy rate. In addition, the two groups did not differ in N170 amplitude that reflects the structural encoding of face. However, schizotypal-trait group exhibited more errors for negative valence than did the control group, and the two groups showed different ERP patterns in the facial affect recognition task. The control group showed significantly larger N250 amplitudes in response to emotional stimuli than to the neutral ones, whereas schizotypal-trait group exhibited no significant differences in N250 amplitudes between emotional and neutral faces. These findings suggest that individuals with schizotypal traits have difficulties in facial affect recognition, which could be served as a trait marker for schizospectrum disorders.

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