ADHD 경향 유무에 따른 스마트폰 중독집단의 주의력 및 억제 결함: 정서 단서 중심으로
The Association Between ADHD Tendency and the Deficit of Attention and Inhibition of a Group with Smartphone Addiction Tendency -An Analysis Focusing on Emotional cue-
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초록
본 연구는 ADHD 경향 유무에 따른 스마트폰 중독집단이 정서단서에 대한 주의력 및 억제결함을 보이는지 확인하고자 하였다. 참가자에게 스마트폰 중독 진단척도, Conners 성인 ADHD 평가척도를 실시하였고 총 60명의 참가자를 통제집단, 스마트폰 중독집단, ADHD와 스마트폰 중독 공병집단(이하 공병집단)으로 분류하였다. 참가자들은 숫자자극으로 구성된 연속수행과제와 정서자극으로 구성된 연속수행과제, 변화맹시과제를 실시하였다. 정서자극 유형은 긍정, 중립, 부정 유형으로 구성했으며 세 집단 간 평균반응시간, 표준편차, 오경보, 정반응, 누락을 측정하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, 세 집단 중 공병집단은 세 정서자극에 대한 반응시간이 가장 짧았고 스마트폰 중독집단은 두 번째로 반응시간이 짧았다. 둘째, 공병집단은 세 정서자극에 대한 오경보와 누락이 가장 많았고 스마트폰 중독집단은 두 번째로 많은 오경보와 누락을 나타냈다. 셋째, 공병집단은 모든 정서자극에 대한 정반응이 가장 낮았으며 스마트폰 중독집단은 두 번째로 낮은 정반응을 나타냈다. 그러나 사후분석결과, 스마트폰 중독집단은 특정부정(분노, 슬픔, 놀람)자극에만 통제집단보다 낮은 정반응을 보였으며 긍정, 중립자극에서는 통제집단과 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 넷째, 공병집단은 세 집단 중 긍정정서에 대한 정반응이 가장 낮았으며 집단 간 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 이 연구결과는 각 집단이 정서자극에 대한 주의 및 억제결함이 다름을 시사하며 ADHD가 이러한 결함과 관련되어 있다는 사실을 반영한다. 이를 토대로 본 논문의 의의와 제한점을 논하였다.
Abstract
This research is to confirm if ADHD affects attention and inhibition deficits of a smartphone addiction tendency group about emotional cues. 60 subjects went through a diagnostic scale for smartphone addiction and Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) in total and have been categorized into a few groups - a control group, smartphone addiction tendency group and comorbidity group(ADHD and smartphone addiction). The subjects participated in tasks - the continuous performance task with numerical stimuli; and the continuous performance task with emotional stimuli and change blindness task with emotional stimuli. Emotional types are composed of positive, neutral and negative ones and mean-response time. Commission error, forward reaction, and omission error have been measured for the three groups. In the research result, first, the comorbidity group showed the shortest mean-response time followed by the smartphone addiction tendency group. Second, the comorbidity group displayed the biggest number of commission errors and the rate of omission error followed by the smartphone addiction tendency group. Third, the comorbidity group had the lowest rate of forward reaction also followed the smartphone addiction tendency group. Fourth, the comorbidity group was of the lowest forward reaction rate among the three groups and each group showed a significant difference. At a post hoc analysis, however, the smartphone addiction group showed lower forward-reaction rate to a several specific negatives(anger, sadness and surprise) than the control group and had no significant difference in positive and neutral stimuli. The result of the study implies that each group reacts differently to emotional stimuli about their attention and inhibition deficit and ADHD could aggravate the deficits. The difference, however, of positive and neutral forward-reaction wasn’t significant between the smartphone addiction tendency group and the control group. Based on this results, the importances and limits of this study are discussed in the body part.
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