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의사결정으로 인한 판단 변화와 인지․신경과학적 기전에 대한 연구 개관

A Review of Studies on the Neurocognitive Mechanism of Choice-Induced Judgment Change

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한국인지및생물심리학회 (Korean Society For Cognitive and Biological Psychology)|2024.10|한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물 (Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology)|제36권 제4호|pp. 223-243|DOI 10.22172/cogbio.2024.36.4.006

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키워드

의사결정decision makingchoice-induced judgment changecognitive dissonancechoice-induced preference change선택-유도 선호 변화선택-유도 판단 변화인지 부조화자유 선택 패러다임free choice paradigm
주제분류심리과학

초록

일반적으로 사람들은 각자의 선호나 가치 평가에 따라 인간이 합리적으로 선택을 한다고 믿는다. 그런데, 연구에 의하면 오히려 그 반대로, 의사결정의 결과로 인해 선호나 가치 평가가 달라진다고 한다. ’선택-유도 선호 변화(choice-induced preference change, 이하 CIPC)’ 현상은 의사결정 이후 자신이 선택한 대상에 대한 선호는 증가하고, 선택하지 않은 대상에 대한 선호는 감소하는 현상을 말한다. 본 연구 개관에서는 첫째, CIPC 현상에 대한 대표적인 연구 결과들을 소개하고 CIPC 현상을 설명하는 가장 대표적인 이론인 인지 부조화 이론과 이에 대한 대안 가설들을 정리하였다. 둘째, CIPC 현상 발현의 요건이나 인지적 기전과 관련한 쟁점들과 이를 해결하기 위해 수행된 여러 연구 결과들을 분석하였다. 셋째, CIPC 현상과 관련한 뇌 기전을 밝히고 CIPC 현상과 관련한 쟁점에 대한 시사점을 제공하는 인지신경과학 연구들을 비교, 분석하였다. 마지막으로, 선호가 배제된 지각적 판단과 의사결정 맥락에서도 선택/기각과 일치하는 방향으로 지각적 판단의 변화가 일어나는 ‘선택-유도 판단 변화(choice-induced judgment change, 이하 CIJC)’ 현상 소개하고, 의사결정과 관련한 판단의 변화가, 선호나 가치 판단에 국한되지 않고, 지각적 판단의 영역으로도 확장될 가능성을 제시하고자 한다.

Abstract

In general, people believe that they make rational decisions based on their preferences or values. But, according to a long history of research, it turns out that preferences and values change according to people’s decisions. Choice-induced preference change (CIPC) refers to the phenomenon in which preferences increase for chosen options and decrease for rejected ones. In the present study, representative studies of CIPC and theories (including cognitive dissonance) proposed to explain its mechanism are introduced. Next, studies that aim to resolve controversies in relation to the conditions required for CIPC and the mechanism of its occurrence are analyzed. These include studies based on brain imaging and other neuroscientific methods that examine the neural bases of CIPC. Finally, a recently discovered phenomenon of choice-induced judgment change (CIJC) is introduced. CIJC refers to the phenomenon in which nonpreference-based judgments (such as perceptual ones) change in accordance with decision making. The observation of CIJC raises the possibility that judgments in general, (not only preference-based) change in accordance with one’s decision making. Based on this discussion, remaining questions and directions for future research are proposed.

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