White 착시 현상과 고전적 밝기 동화 현상의 밝기 지각 비교
A Comparison of Brightness Perception in White’s Illusion and Classical Brightness Assimilation
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초록
White 착시의 존재는 대비와 동화로 구분되는 고전적인 분류 기준에 맞지 않는다. White 착시와 밝기 동화 현상은 착시에 영향을 주는 시각 속성이 다를 수 있기 때문에 서로 비교할 필요가 있다. White 착시와 고전적 밝기 동화 현상의 시각 기제가 동일한지 알아보기 위해 두 개의 실험을 수행하였다. 유도자극은 사각파 형태로 배열되었고 검사자극은 유도자극들의 정중앙 지점에 제시되었다. 실험 1에서는 검사자극의 길이와 검사․유도자극의 두께에 따라 밝기 유도 현상이 달라지는지 알아보았다. 실험 2에서는 유도자극의 개수를 변화시켜 검사자극과 인접하지 않은 유도자극이 밝기 유도 현상을 변화시키는지 알아보았다. 실험 결과 검사자극에 대한 밝기 지각은 검사자극의 길이에 따라 체계적으로 변화되었으며 자극의 두께에 따라서도 체계적으로 변화되었다. 이 경향성은 유도자극의 개수가 다를 때에도 유지되었다. 이는 밝기 유도 현상의 상당 부분을 일차 시각 겉질 수준에서 설명할 수 있음을 시사한다. 인접하지 않은 유도자극도 검사자극의 밝기 지각에 영향을 미쳤으며 그 영향은 검사자극과의 거리가 멀어짐에 따라 약해졌다. 이러한 경향성은 White 착시의 자극 상황과 고전적 밝기 동화의 자극 상황 모두에서 관찰되었다. 이는 White 착시 현상과 고전적 밝기 유도 현상은 유사한 기제로 인해 발생할 가능성을 시사한다.
Abstract
White's illusion is unique in that it differs from classical brightness contrast and assimilation illusions. Although White's illusion and brightness assimilation may appear similar, they are caused by different visual properties. This study aimed to investigate whether the mechanisms underlying White's illusion and brightness assimilation are the same. Experiment 1 investigated whether the length of the test stimulus and the thickness of the stimuli could affect brightness induction. The test stimulus was presented in the center of the inducing stimuli arranged in a square waveform. Experiment 2 investigated whether the number of inducing stimuli could affect brightness induction. The results showed that the perceived brightness of the test stimulus was systematically influenced by the length and thickness of the stimulus. This trend was maintained even when the number of inducing stimuli was controlled for. These results suggest that brightness induction could be explained by the responses of the primary visual cortex. Non-adjacent inducing stimuli also affected brightness perception, but the effect weakened as the distance from the test stimulus increased. This trend was observed in both White's illusion and classical brightness assimilation stimuli, indicating that White's illusion and classical brightness induction may occur due to a similar mechanism.
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