정서명칭단어와 정서내포단어의 어휘정보처리 차이
Differences in Lexical Information Processing for Emotion-label Words and Emotion-laden Words
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
정서단어는 구체적인 정서 상태를 가리키는 정서명칭단어(예, 행복, 슬픔)와 정서 상태를 지칭하지는 않지만 정서와 연합되어 정서를 내포하는 정서내포단어(예, 성공, 실패)로 분류될 수 있다. 본 연구는 두 유형의 정서단어가 어휘 정보처리 과정에서 다르게 처리되는지 알아보고자 하였다. 실험 1의 참가자는 정서명칭단어 및 정서내포단어로 구성된 단어와 비단어에 대하여 어휘판단과제를 수행하였고, 실험 2의 참가자는 실험 1에서 사용된 것과 동일한 정서단어에 대하여 긍정 단어인지 부정단어인지 판단하는 정서가판단과제를 수행하였다. 실험 1, 2의 결과로 얻어진 반응시간 자료에 대해 R lme4 패키지를 사용하여 선형혼합모형 분석을 실시하였다. 실험 1, 2의 결과 모두 수렴적으로 단어 빈도, 구체성, 정서성 등을 통제한 후에도 정서명칭단어에 비해 정서내포단어가 느리게 처리됨을 보여주었다. 또한 정서단어유형과 상관없이 단어가 부정적일수록 반응시간이 느려지는 정서가의 주효과가 관찰되었다. 본 연구 결과에서 정서내포단어에 대한 느린 반응시간은 이 단어들의 정서가가 추가적인 정보 처리가 필요한 정서경험을 매개로 형성됨을 암시한다. 따라서 우리는 정서내포단어와 정서표현단어에 대한 정보처리가 단어의 구체성이나 정서가와 상관없이 질적으로 다를 수 있다고 주장한다.
Abstract
Emotion words are often categorized into emotion-label words which refer to specific emotional states (e.g., happy, sad) and emotion-laden words which do not directly mention but embed emotional states (e.g., success, fail). This study aimed to investigate whether emotion words belonging to different categories are processed differently. Participants performed a lexical decision task on emotion-label and emotion-laden words in Experiment 1 and a valence decision task on the same words in Experiment 2. A series of linear mixed-effect models were conducted on response latencies (RTs) while lexical frequency, concreteness and emotionality of words were controlled for. The model results yielded that emotion-laden words were processed slower than emotion-label words, and that positive emotion words were processed faster than negative emotion words regardless of word categories. The slower RTs to emotion-laden words imply that the valence of the words is constructed through emotional experience requiring additional information processing. We insist that the informational processing of emotion-laden words is different from that of emotion-label words, independent of the concreteness and emotionality of emotional words.
참고문헌 (46)
- Algom, D., "A rational look at the emotional stroop phenomenon : a generic slowdown, not a stroop effect", Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 133(3), pp.323~338 (2004)[DOI]
- Altarriba, J., "The representation of emotion vs. emotion-laden words in English and Spanish in the affective simon task", International Journal of Bilingualism, 15(3), pp.310~328 (2011)[DOI]
- Altarriba, J., "The distinctiveness of emotion concepts : A comparison between emotion, abstract, and concrete words", The American Journal of Psychology, 117(3), pp.389~410 (2004)[DOI]
- Altarriba, J., "Concreteness, context availability, and imageability ratings and word associations for abstract, concrete, and emotion words", Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 31(4), pp.578~602 (1999)[DOI]
- Ayçiçegˇi, A., "Brief Report : Bilinguals'recall and recognition of emotion words", Cognition and Emotion, 18(7), pp.977~987 (2004)[DOI]
- "The English Lexicon Project: A web-based repository of descriptive and behavioral measures for 40,481 English words and nonwords" (2002)[URL]
- "lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using S4 classes" (2012)[URL]
- Barrett, L. F., "How emotions are made: The secret life of the brain" (2017), Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
- Collins, A. M., "A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing", Psychological Review, 82(6), pp.407~428 (1975)[DOI]
- Delaney-Busch, N., "Vivid:How valence and arousal influence word processing under different task demands", Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience, 16(3), pp.415~432 (2016)[DOI]
- Estes, Z., "Automatic vigilance for negative words in lexical decision and naming : Comment on Larsen, Mercer, and Balota(2006)", Emotion, 8(4), pp.441~444 (2008)[DOI]
- Fiske, S. T., "Attention and weight in person perception : The impact of negative and extreme behavior", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38(6), pp.889~906 (1980)[DOI]
- Fox, E., "Attentional bias for threat : Evidence for delayed disengagement from emotional faces", Cognition and Emotion, 16(3), pp.355~379 (2002)[DOI]
- Gendron, M., "Emotion words shape emotion percepts", Emotion, 12(2), pp.314~325 (2012)[DOI]
- Hino, Y., "Effects of polysemy in lexical decision and naming : An alternative to lexical access accounts", Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Perception and Performance, 22(6), pp.1331~1356 (1996)[DOI]
- 홍영지, "정서가, 각성가 및 구체성 평정을 통한 한국어 정서단어 목록 개발", 인지과학, 27(3), pp.377~406 (2016), 한국인지과학회[DOI]
- Kahneman, D., "Prospect theory : An analysis of decision under risk", Econometrica, 47(2), pp.263~292 (1979)
- Kazanas, S. A., "The automatic activation of emotion and emotion-laden words : Evidence from a masked and unmasked priming paradigm", The American Journal of Psychology, 128(3), pp.323~336 (2015)[DOI]
- Knickerbocker, H., "Differential repetition blindness with emotion and emotion-laden word types", Visual Cognition, 21(5), pp.599~627 (2013)[DOI]
- Knickerbocker, H., "Emotion effects during reading : Influence of an emotion target word on eye movements and processing", Cognition and Emotion, 29(5), pp.784~806 (2015)[DOI]
- Knickerbocker, F., "The time course of processing emotion-laden words during sentence reading : Evidence from eye movements", Acta Psychologica, 192, pp.1~10 (2019)[DOI]
- Kousta, S. -T., "Emotion words, regardless of polarity, have a processing advantage over neutral words", Cognition, 112, pp.473~481 (2009)[DOI]
- Kuperman, V., "Virtual experiments in megastudies : a case study of language and emotion", Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 68(8), pp.1693~1710 (2015)[DOI]
- Kuperman, V., "Emotion and language : valence and arousal affect word recognition", Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 143(3), pp.1065~1081 (2014)[DOI]
- Kuznetsova, A., "lmerTest Package : Tests in Linear Mixed Effects Models", Journal of Statistical Software, 82(13), pp.1~26 (2017)[DOI]
- Larsen, R. J., "Lexical characteristics of words used in emotional Stroop experiments", Emotion, 6(1), pp.62~72 (2006)[DOI]
- Lewellen, M. J., "Lexical familiarity and processing efficiency : individual differences in naming, lexical decision, and semantic categorization", Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 122(3), pp.316~330 (1993)[DOI]
- Martin, J. M., "Effects of valence on hemispheric specialization for emotion word processing", Language and Speech, 60(4), pp.597~613 (2017)[DOI]
- Öhman, A, "Emotion drives attention : detecting the snake in the grass", Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 130(3), pp.466~478 (2001)[DOI]
- Pavlenko, A., "Emotion and emotion-laden words in the bilingual lexicon", Bilingualism : Language and Cognition, 11(2), pp.147~164 (2008)[DOI]
- Pexman, P. M., "Visual-word recognition:Vol. 2. Meaning and context, individuals and development", pp.24~43 (2012), Psychology Press
- Pexman, P. M., "There are many ways to be rich : Effects of three measures of semantic richness on visual word recognition", Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 15(1), pp.161~167 (2008)[DOI]
- Phaf, R. H., "The automaticity of emotional Stroop : A meta-analysis", Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38(2), pp.184~199 (2007)[DOI]
- Pratto, F., "Automatic vigilance : The attention-grabbing power of negative social information", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(3), pp.380~391 (1991)[DOI]
- Schwanenflugel, P. J., "Context availability and lexical decisions for abstract and concrete words", Journal of Memory and Language, 27(5), pp.499~520 (1988)[DOI]
- Scott, G. G., "Emotion words affect eye fixations during reading", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 38(3), pp.783~792 (2012)[DOI]
- Tversky, A., "Loss aversion in riskless choice : A reference-dependent model", The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(4), pp.1039~1061 (1991)[DOI]
- Vinson, D., "How does emotional content affect lexical processing?", Cognition and Emotion, 28(4), pp.737~746 (2014)[DOI]
- Vuilleumier, P., "Effects of attention and emotion on face processing in the human brain : an event-related fMRI study", Neuron, 30(3), pp.829~841 (2001)[DOI]
- Wang, X., "Time course of emotion effects during emotion-label and emotion-laden word processing", Neuroscience letters, 699, pp.1~7 (2019)[DOI]
- Wu, C., "Affective picture processing is modulated by emotion word type in masked priming paradigm : An event-related potential study", Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 32(3), pp.287~297 (2020)[DOI]
- Yao, B., "Differential emotional processing in concrete and abstract words", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 44(7), pp.1064~1074 (2018)[DOI]
- Yap, M. J., "Is more always better? Effects of semantic richness on lexical decision, speeded pronunciation, and semantic classification", Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 18(4), pp.742~750 (2011)[DOI]
- 윤이나, "대학생의 우울에 대한 주의편향 수정훈련에서지시문 유형의 효과", 청소년학연구, 27(6), pp.159~181 (2020), 한국청소년학회[DOI]
- Zdrazilova, L., "Grasping the invisible : Semantic processing of abstract words", Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 20(6), pp.1312~1318 (2013)[DOI]
- Zhang, J., "Different neural correlates of emotion-label words and emotion-laden words : An ERP study", Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11, pp.455~ (2017)[DOI]
