태양광 설비 소재 및 부품의 공급망 취약성 분석 연구

Abstract

This study analyzes the supply chain vulnerabilities of materials and components in South Korea’s solar photovoltaic (PV) industry. Using a three-step methodology based on the Trade Specification Index (TSI), Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI), and Single-Country Dependency (SCD), we analyzed 17 key intermediate products in the solar PV value chain. The analysis identified significant vulnerabilities in six critical components: wafers, solar cells, silver paste, solar modules, low-iron glass, and other module parts. These components demonstrate high import concentrations and single-country dependency, primarily on China. Our findings highlight the increasing dependency on a single country for essential components since 2017, particularly for wafers, ingots, cells, and modules. This dependency presents potential risks to South Korea's energy security and its transition to renewable energy. To mitigate these vulnerabilities, we propose several policy and industry measures, including expanding domestic production capabilities for wafers, cells, and modules, enhancing R&D investments to improve technological competitiveness; diversifying import sources through strategic international partnerships, and fostering a circular economy through recycling technologies for solar modules. Our study provides valuable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders to develop strategies to strengthen supply chain resilience and competitiveness in South Korea’s solar PV sector, contributing to the country's energy security in the face of global supply chain disruptions.