선박메인엔진 냉각수를 활용한 선박폐열발전-담수화 시스템 성능평가 시뮬레이션
Performance simulation of a waste heat recovery - Desalination system using jacket cooling water from a ship main engine
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초록
국제적 해양 환경문제와 선박유의 가격상승으로 고효율 선박의 수요가 증가하고 있으며, 선박에서 발생하는 폐열을 활용한 발전 방식의 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 58MW급 선박의 엔진 냉각수를 활용하여 ORC를 기반으로한 폐열발전을 시뮬레이션을 통해 설계하였으며, 폐열발전을 통과한 80℃의 냉각수를 활용한 담수화 설비의 담수생산량을 비교하였다. 선박폐열발전의 작동유체의 선정을 위한 다양한 냉매를 적용하여 발전출력과 열전달 성능을 비교하였으며, 저 GWP 냉매를 적용하기 위하여 신냉매의 성능을 비교하였다. 다양한 선종의 엔진타입과 냉각수 유량을 적용하여선박폐열발전의 출력과 바다로 배출되는 폐열 발생을 비교하였으며, 엔진 냉각수 온도가 80℃, 85℃, 90℃로 공급될 때발전 출력과 페열량을 비교하였다. 또한, 선박 담수화 설비의 증발압력의 변화에 따른 담수 생산량과 증발 온도를 비교하여 선박폐열발전-담수화 시스템의 최적 운전조건을 도출하였다. 10S90ME의 58MW급 선박의 90℃ 열원을 활용한 폐열발전-담수화 시스템은 R245fa 작동유체를 적용하여 564.4kW의 순수 발전출력과 1.278kg/s의 담수생산량을 확인하였으며, 기존 폐열 발생량 대비 35%의 감소량을 확인하였다.
Abstract
The demand for high efficiency vessels is increasing due to the problems of international marine environments and rising ship oil prices. As a result, research on power generation methods that utilize waste heat from ships has begun. In this study, organic Rankine cycle (ORC)-based waste heat power is designed using engine cooling water of a 58MW ship and is compared through simulation with the desalination capacity of a desalination plant that uses cooling water of 80 °C passed through a waste heat power. The power output and heat transfer performance are assessed by applying various refrigerants to select the working fluid for ship waste heat recovery, and then the performances of new refrigerants are compared to identify one with a low global warming potential. The study also compared the output of a ship waste heat recovery system with generated waste heat discharged to the sea by applying various types of engine types and cooling water flow rates. The power output and thermal power are compared when engine coolant is supplied at temperatures of 80 °C, 85 °C, and 90 °C. Finally, the optimal operating conditions of the ship waste heat–desalination system are determined by comparing the evaporation temperature and fresh water production rate based on the evaporation pressure of the ship desalination plant. The waste heat recovery–desalination system using a 90 °C heat source from the 10S90ME 58MW ship confirmed a pure water output of 564.4 kW and fresh water production of 1.278 kg/s when the R245fa working fluid was applied, and a reduction of 35%.
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