작동유체 및 사이클에 따른 해양온도차발전용 유기랭킨사이클의 성능분석
Performance analysis of an organic Rankine cycle for ocean thermal energy conversion system according to the working fluid and the cycle
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초록
해양온도차발전은 해양의 표층수와 심층수의 온도차를 이용하여 발전하는 유기랭킨사이클이다. 작동유체와 사이클구성은 유기랭킨사이클의 열역학적 효율에 큰 영향을 미치는 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 작동유체와 사이클에 따른 해양온도차발전시스템의 성능분석을 수행하였다. 고전적인 단순 랭킨사이클과 단순 랭킨사이클의 대안으로 제시되고 있는개방형 및 통합형 재생 랭킨사이클 그리고 칼리나 사이클이 본 연구에서 고려되었으며, 작동유체로는 9종의 단일냉매와3종의 혼합냉매를 본 연구에 적용하였다. 사이클의 성능분석에는 핀치포인트온도차를 일정하게 유지하는 핀치포인트분석이 적용되었다. 성능분석결과를 살펴보면, 단순 랭킨사이클과 개방형 및 통합형 재생 랭킨사이클의 경우 RE245fa2를작동유체로 사용하며, 칼리나 사이클의 경우 NH3/H2O의 질량비가 0.9:0.1일 때 열역학적 효율이 가장 높았다. 한편, 개방형 및 통합형 재생 랭킨사이클과 칼리나 사이클을 해양온도차발전시스템에 적용할 경우 단순 랭킨사이클과 비교하여 각각 약 2.0 %, 1.0%, 10.0%의 효율 향상을 기대할 수 있었다.
Abstract
Ocean thermal energy conversion is an organic Rankine cycle that generates power using the temperature difference between surface water and deep water. This study analyzes the thermodynamic efficiency of the cycle, which strongly depends on the working fluid and the cycle configuration. Cycles studied included the classical simple Rankine cycle, Rankine cycles with an open feedwater heater and an integrated regenerator, as well as the Kalina cycle. Nine kinds of simple refrigerants and three kinds of mixed refrigerants were investigated as the working fluids in this study. Pinch-point analysis that set a constant pinch-point temperature difference was applied in the performance analysis of the cycle. Results showed that thermodynamic efficiency was best when RE245fa2 was used as the working fluid with the simple Rankine cycle, the Rankine cycles with an open feedwater heater and an integrated regenerator, and when the mixing ratio of NH3/H2O was 0.9:0.1 in the Kalina cycle. If the Rankine cycles with an open feedwater heater, an integrated regenerator, and the Kalina cycle were used for ocean thermal energy conversion, efficiency increases could be expected to be approximately 2.0%, 1.0%, and 10.0%, respectively, compared to the simple Rankine cycle.
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