Analysis of energy consumption on deferred transmission of LoRaWAN down-link frame for IoT in a ship

Abstract

As the data-driven management of ships is required, the demand for Internet of Things (IoT) technology to acquire and stably exchange in-ship data is increasing. When considering a wireless sensor network for IoT in a ship, a technology that reduces the energy consumption of distributed IoT devices and ensures stable communication coverage is important to acquire various in-ship data and guarantee the accuracy of the collected data. The long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN) protocol is a promising solution for IoT because it has a long communication range and supports a suitable bit rate for IoT applications. Energy-efficient operations must be confirmed for the LoRaWAN protocol to be applied to in-vessel IoT networking. Although the LoRaWAN protocol generally does not consume considerable energy, the energy-efficient operation of the end device is limited because of the low-complexity communi-cation scheme adopted in the LoRaWAN protocol. Therefore, this study analyzes the energy loss of a LoRaWAN end device owing to the operation of a LoRaWAN network server and discusses an alternative that complies with the LoRaWAN standard.