서울지역 고등학교 청소년에서 알레르기비염과 천식의 관련성
Relationship between Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma in High School Students in Korea
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목 적:알레르기비염과 천식은 one airway disease로 이것의 근거를 제시한 여러 역학연구들이 있다. 그러나, 아직까지 국내 청소년을 대상으로 알레르기비염과 천식의 관련성을 규명한 연구가 없었다. 우리나라 청소년에서 현증 천식을 동반하지 않은 알레르기비염이 기도과민성 및 천식 증상과 관련되어 있음을 밝히고자 한다. 방 법:2006년 4-5월에 걸쳐 우리나라 서울지역 2개의 고등학교에서 724명의 고등학생(남 556명, 여 168명)을 대상으로 실시하였다. ISAAC 설문지, 메타콜린 기관지유발검사, 폐기능검사, 피부단자시험과 알레르기 관련 혈액검사를 실시하였다. 천식이 없는 알레르기비염 환자에서 관련성을 확인하기 위해 전체 학생들 중 현증 천식으로 진단된 대상자를 제외한 후 비교분석 하였다. 결 과:현증 천식을 제외한AR (+), BHR (+)군에서 일생동안 천명의 유병률(wheeze ever)과 일생 동안 천식 진단의 유병률(diagnosis of asthma ever)의 비율이 AR (+), BHR (-)군보다 높았으나, 통계적인 유의성은 보이지 않았다. 그러나, FEV1과 FEF25-75%는 의미 있게 낮았으며, 혈액내 총IgE와 D.p/D.f 감작률은 유의하게 높았다. atopy (+), AR (+)군에서는 일생동안 천명의 유병률(wheeze ever)과 지난 12개월 동안 천식의 치료의 유병률(Treatment of asthma during past 12 months)의 비율이 atopy (-), AR (-)군과 atopy (+), AR (-)군에 비해 의미 있게 높았다(P<0.05). BHR(+)과 말초혈액내 총호산구분율은 atopy (+), AR (+)군에서는 atopy (-), AR (-)군과 atopy (+), AR(-)군에 비하여 유의하게 높았으며,(P< 0.05) 또한 PC20이 의미 있게 낮았다.(P<0.05)결 론:우리나라 청소년을 대상으로 한 연구결과, 현증 천식을 동반하지 않은 현증 알레르기비염에서 기도과민성은 FEV1, FEF25-75%, total IgE, 그리고 공통항원인 D.p /D.f에 대한 감작과 관련이 있었다. 그리고 아토피의 유무와 상관없이 현증 알레르기비염은 천식증상, 말초혈액내 총호산구분율, 그리고 기도과민성과 관련성이 있음을 보여주었다. 이상의 횡단면적인 역학조사결과는 알레르기비염이 천식과 하나의 기도질환일 가능성을 시사한다.
Abstract
Purpose:The aim of this study was to determine whether allergic rhinitis (AR) without asthma is associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and symptoms of asthma in Korean adolescents. Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted on 724 high school students (males 556; females, 168) from Seoul City. We also performed the lung function test, methacholine challenge test, skin prick test, and allergy-related blood biomarkers. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the subjects excluding current asthmatic patients. Results:AR (+), BHR (+) patients tended to show a high prevalence of wheeze ever, a high diagnosis rate of asthma ever, low forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), low forced expiratory flow at the 25% and 75% of pulmonary volume (FEF25-75%) high total IgE and frequent sensitizaion to house dust mites compared with AR (+), BHR (-) patients. In atopy AR (+) group,wheeze ever and treatment of asthma during the last 12 months were significantly higher than atopy (-), AR (-) patients or atopy (+), AR (-) patients (P<0.05). In atopy (+), AR (+) patients, BHR and peripheral eosinophil percent were significantly higher than in other patients (P<0.05) and PC20 was also significantly lower than in other patients (P<0.05). Conclusion:BHR in current AR was associated with FEV1, FEF25-75%, total IgE, and sensitization to house dust mites. Current AR was associated with symptoms of asthma, peripheral eosinophilia and BHR, regardless of atopy. This study showed a significant association between allergic rhinitis and asthma or BHR among Korean adolescents. This cross-sectional study supports the concept of 'one airway, one disease' between the AR and asthma.
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