농촌 담론 변화 분석을 위한 농촌개발사업지침 텍스트마이닝 분석

Abstract

The value of rural areas has evolved over time in response to changing social demands and environmental contexts. Traditionally perceived as production-oriented spaces, rural areas have increasingly been recognized for their cultural and environmental values due to industrialization, urbanization, population decline, and the dissolution of traditional communities. This study analyzes the shifts in rural discourse by examining representative rural development policy guidelines using text mining techniques. Three major policies were analyzed: the Saemaul Undong (1970s), the Rural Settlement Development Project (1990s), and the Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project (2010s). The analysis incorporated noun-based frequency analysis, social network analysis, and topic modeling. The results showed that the term “village” remained central throughout all periods, highlighting the enduring village-oriented focus of rural policy. Since the 1990s, the growing prominence of the term “planning” indicates a stronger emphasis on preparatory processes before project execution. In the 2010s, increased attention to “residents” reflected a shift toward participatory, bottom-up policy approaches. Earlier policies were centered on specific project components, while recent ones emphasize planning and implementation processes. Overall, the basic framework of rural policy has remained consistent, yet the growing importance of “planning” and “residents” reveals a gradual shift in focus. This study contributes by applying text mining techniques to rural policy documents, though its ability to fully capture the broader evolution of rural discourse remains limited. Future research should incorporate a wider range of discourse analysis methods to trace the ongoing transformation of rural values.