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경제성장과 금융발전 : 모수 동태패널 및 비모수 동태패널회귀분석

Economic Growth and Financial Development: Parametric Panel and Nonparametric Panel Regression Analysis

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주제분류경제학

초록

본 연구는 모수 동태패널 및 비모수 동태패널 회귀분석을 이용하여 1988년부터 2009년까지 OECD국가들을 포함한 선진 33개국에 대한 금융발전과 경제성장 간의 관계를 분석하고 특히 경제성장과 금융발전 간에 비선형관계가 존재하는지에 주목하였다. 모수추정결과 시장부문의 금융발전 대용변수인 주식시장 자본화와 총 주식거래대금 지표에 대해서는 경제성장에 양(+)의 영향을 끼치는 유의한 값으로 나타났다. 반대로 은행부문 국내신용지표는 경제성장에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고 민간부문 국내신용도 약한 부의 유의한 값으로 나타났다. 그러나 비모수 패널추정에서는 은행부문 지표와 경제성장 간의 관계가 단순한 음의 선형관계가 아닌 비선형관계로 밝혀졌다. 즉 은행부문의 국내신용이 증가할수록 처음에는 경제성장률이 증가하다가 일정수준 이후부터는 감소하는 추세로 나타났다. 따라서 모수패널회귀분석에서 부의 관계로 나타났다 할지라도 그 결과해석에 주의하여야 함을 보여주는 것이다. 장기균제상태로의 수렴속도도 간접조달방식보다 직접자금조달방식의 국가경제에서 더 크게 나타났다. 또한 경제가 성장할수록 은행 중심 변수의 비중 움직임도 비선형 형태로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과는 금융발전과 경제성장간에 서로 양방향 영향력을 미치고 비선형관계이며 경제가 성숙단계에 진입할수록 은행 중심에서 자본시장중심으로부터의 자금조달이 경제성장에 더 큰 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인시켜 주었다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between financial development and economic growth with parametric panel regression and nonparametric panel regression analysis. The financial development variables of panel data of 33 countries which divided into developed countries over the period of 1988-2009 were classified into bank-oriented system and market-oriented system. We find that for the developed countries the influence of the domestic credit/GDP in the bank section, among the financial development indices in the bank section, had negative (-) values, whereas its influence in the market section had positive (+) values. From nonparametric panel regression we found that relationship between domestic credit and GDP were nonlinear and had adverse U shape. The results of panel analysis before and after foreign exchange crisis in Asian developing countries were comparatively examined that the estimated coefficients of total stock trade amount/GDP, the very indices of financial development in the market section, increased. This finding proves the fact that the role of financial system has changed into market-oriented system with economic growth after foreign exchange crisis.

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