Developing a Social Presence Scale for Measuring Students’ Involvement during e-Learning Process
0
조회
0
다운로드
9
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
One of the challenges that online learners face is feeling of isolation and diminishing desire of maintaining active participation during e-learning. Social presence, that is considered to be a vital factor in e-learning, is recently started to receive a support from the field. Although research indicated a significant role of social presence in both learning process and learning outcome, there is no widely accepted measurement scale of social presence. This study, therefore, developed a new scale to measure social presence based on the existing theories and validated it against 723 participants. Nineteen self-report items with three dimensions, co-presence, influence, and cohesiveness, were identified and validated using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) in a preliminary and a follow-up study.
Abstract
One of the challenges that online learners face is feeling of isolation and diminishing desire of maintaining active participation during e-learning. Social presence, that is considered to be a vital factor in e-learning, is recently started to receive a support from the field. Although research indicated a significant role of social presence in both learning process and learning outcome, there is no widely accepted measurement scale of social presence. This study, therefore, developed a new scale to measure social presence based on the existing theories and validated it against 723 participants. Nineteen self-report items with three dimensions, co-presence, influence, and cohesiveness, were identified and validated using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) in a preliminary and a follow-up study.
참고문헌 (15)
- Aragon, S., "Creating social presence in online environments", New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 100, pp.57~68 (2003)
- Biocca, F., "Defining and measuring social presence:Contribution to the networked minds theory and measure", Proceedings of Presence 2002, pp.7~36 (2002)
- Biocca, F., "The networked minds measure of social presence: Pilot test of the factor structure and concurrent validity" (2001), Paper presented at Presence
- Hughes, M., "Assessing social presence in online discussion groups: a replication study", Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 44(1), pp.17~29 (2007)
- Gunawardena, C. N., "Social presence as a predictor of satisfaction within a computer-mediated conferencing environment", The American Journal of Distance Education, 11(3), pp.8~26 (1997)
- Richardson, J. C., "Examing social presence in online courses in relation to students’ perceived learning and satisfaction", Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 7(1), pp.21~40
- Rourke, L., "Assessing social presence in asynchronous test-based computer conferencing", Journal of Distance Education, 14(2), pp.50~71 (1999)
- Rovai, A., "Sense of community, perceived cognitive learning, and persistence in asynchronous learning networks", Internet and Higher Education, 5, pp.319~332 (2002)
- Short, J. E., "The social psychology of telecommunications" (1976), John Wiley & Sons,Ltd
- Stacey, E., "Quality online participation: establishing social presence", Deakin University, ~ (2000)
- "http:", education, pp.ripvet, conferences[DOI]
- Swanay Steffey, C, "The effects of visual and verbal cues in multimedia instruction. Unpublished dissertation. Retrieved August, 1, 2006, from http:", theses, pp.available, etd-03092001-34749[DOI]
- Tu, C. H., "An examination of social presence to increase interaction in online classes", 박사, pp.2000
- Tu, C. H., "The measurement of social presence in an online environment", International Journal of E-Learning, pp.34~35 (2002)
- Tu, C. H., "The relationship of social presence and interaction in online classes", The American Journal of Distance Education, 16(3), pp.131~150 (2002)