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마이크로파이낸스 사업의 사회적 성과와 지속성: 한국과 영국 비교

Social Performance and Sustainability of Microfinance Programs: Comparison of Korea and U.K.

정영순|안소영
한국사회정책학회 (Korean Association of Social Policy)|2017.09|한국사회정책 (Korea Social Policy Review)|제24권 제3호|pp. 27-53|DOI 10.17000/kspr.24.3.201709.27

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사회적 성과Microfinance마이크로파이낸스사업의 지속성sustainability and social performance

초록

한국의 미소금융사업의 사회적 성과와 지속성을 높이는 전략을 모색하기 위해 한국의 미소금융사업과 영국의 지역개발금융사업을 비교분석하였다. 한국의 경우 대출건수가 영국 보다 훨씬 많아 한국의 양적인 사회적 성과가 매우 높았지만, 창출되거나 유지된 일자리 수로 본 한국의 질적인 사회적 성과는 영국 보다 훨씬 낮은 것으로 추정된다. 한국의 경우 기금에 비해 대출규모가 매우 크고 재정자립도(지역법인과 재단지점만 포함)가 평균 80.1%로 높지 않아 지속성의 문제가 심각한 반면에, 영국의 재정자립도는 평균 55.5%로 한국 보다 낮지만 수수료, 보조금 등 지원으로 평균 93.8%의 운영자립도를 이룰 뿐 아니라 매년 유입되는 재정으로 사업의 지속성이 한국에 비해 양호한 편이다. 비교분석을 통해 얻어진 시사점은 사회적 성과를 높이기 위해서는 사회적 성과와 연관된 별도의 재원을 마련하는 한편 이 재원으로 필요한 비용을 커버해야 할 것이다. 지속성을 높이기 위해서는 다양한 재원을 계속 개발하는 한편 다양한 형태의 기관들을 단일한 기관 형태로 구조화하고 표준화해야 할 것이다.

Abstract

This paper aims to provide a comparative analysis between Korea’s Miso Microfinance and U.K.’s Community Development Finance Institutions (CDFI) in order to explore ways to enhance the social performance and sustainability of Miso Microfinance. Compared with CDFI, the estimated number of loans under Miso Microfinance was increased nearly three-fold, but the Miso Microfinance is insufficient in terms of qualitative social performance, the number of jobs created or sustained. Although Miso Microfinance solely relied on secured funds, large size of loans and financial self-sufficiency ratio of 80.1% raised concerns over its sustainability. On the other hand, the CDFI showed an average financial self-sufficiency ratio of 55.5%, but the CDFI displayed new capital inflows every year and boasted an operating self-sufficiency of 93.8% by means of service fees and subsidies, consequently led to greater sustainability. Based on our comparative analysis, it is crucial to clearly define the social performance objectives which Miso Microfinance is aimed to achieve and to cover the incurred expense to ensure greater social performance and sustainability of Miso Microfinance. It is also important to have access to diverse funding sources, to regulate various types of microfinance institutions under the same laws, and to systematically oversee them.

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