도행지(陶行知)의 학습자중심 교육과정 구성 원리 탐색

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the principle of Tao Xingzhi(陶行知, 1891-1946)’s learner-centered curriculum construction. Tao Xingzhi has built his educational thoughts critically accepted not only the traditional consciousness in ancient China but also Western theories of education, and developed his theory constantly through learner-centered educational practice. His educational theory makes a great many changes in aspects of educational purpose, contents, process, teaching materials and cognition of school. More concretely presented his educational activities are as follows. Tao pursued education for learners and stressed learner’s life to formulate the “life education” theory. In this theory, he appreciated learner’s practice which improves learner’s ability is the most important in education. At the same time, he made the trinity of teaching, learning and doing to reform the process of instruction. He also argued “society is school”, and associated school with society to expand the educational opportunities in order to diffuse the public-oriented education. Therefore, the constructional principles of Tao’s learner-centered curriculum are represented as following categories of his educational ideas: establishing learner- centered object of education, selecting contents from learner’s life, emphasizing learner’s doing in teaching method, compiling teaching materials according to learner’s doing style, cognizing society as school for giving more opportunities to receive education. These principles may give valuable implications to construct learner-centered curriculum.