돌봄의 정치적 윤리: 돌봄과 정의의 이원론을 넘어
Political ethics of care:beyond dualism between care and justice
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이 글의 목적은 두 가지이다. 첫째, 사회정책 연구에서 거의 다루어지지 않은 돌봄에 대한 윤리적․규범적 차원의 논의를 소개함으로써 ‘생산주의’ 패러다임을 넘어서서 돌봄 활동과 가치가 주변화 되지 않는 사회정책 설계를 위한 이론적 통찰력을 제공하고자 한다. 둘째, 새로운 이론적 주장을 하기 보다는 대안적 사회 패러다임으로서의 실천적․규범적 잠재력이라는 관점에서 돌봄과 정의의 관계를 둘러싼 여성주의 내부의 차이를 검토함으로써 이론적 논의의 쟁점을 부각시키고자 한다. 이를 위해 여성주의 연구자들의 오랜 관심사였던 돌봄(care)과 정의(justice)의 관계를 둘러싼 서구의 이론적 논의를 검토하고 돌봄에 대한 정치적 개념화를 통한 통합적 접근의 필요성을 논의한다. 구체적으로는 모성주의(maternalism)와 자유주의의 돌봄과 정의에 대한 이원론적 접근의 한계를 논의하고 돌봄을 권력관계의 맥락내에 위치지우는 정치적 윤리가 돌봄 재편기 돌봄의 가치를 공적 영역으로 확산할 수 있는 대안적인 윤리적․규범적 틀을 제공해 줄 수 있을 것이라고 주장한다.
Abstract
The relationship between care and justice has begun to attract feministic theorists’ attention. Without neglecting the early feminists' attention on exploitative and suppressive reality that care had brought, feminists have now become interested in how to conceptualize ethics of care with more positive aspects. Along with this issue, feminists have also started to seek ways to suggest alternative society and social policy with regard to ‘care’. While the maternalist approach pays more attention to values inherent in the practice of care and care itself than justice, the liberal approach tends to emphasize justice by focusing on unfairness of the situation where carers(especially women) are constantly exploited and people in needs of care are marginalized. However, separation of views on care and justice is bound to reach the limit in suggesting appropriate social norms and ethics for alternative society. This paper argues that in order to overcome the limitations of dualism of care and justice, care has to be located in the context of power relations at both macroscopic and microscopic levels, and this kind of political ethics only is able to provide alternative norms for care.
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