석유화학 폐촉매로부터 질산과 염산에 의한 팔라듐과 은의 침출거동
Leaching Behavior of Palladium and Silver from Spent Petrochemical Catalysts by Nitric and Hydrochloric Acid Solutions
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초록
본 연구에서는 석유화학 산업의 수소첨가 크래킹 공정에서 발생하는 폐촉매로부터 질산과 염산에 의한 팔라듐과 은의 침출거동을 조사하였다. 질산과 염산의 농도, 침출온도와 시간, 광액농도 등 다양한 실험조건에서 팔라듐과 은의 침출실험을 수행하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 속도론적 분석을 통한 최적 침출조건을 확립하였다. 질산을 침출제로 사용하였을 경우 질산농도 2.0 M, 침출온도 90°C, 침출시간 60분에서 은은 완전히 침출되었지만 팔라듐은 약 45% 의 침출율을 나타내었다. 반면 염산의 경우 염산농도 4.0 M, 침출온도 90°C, 침출시간 60분의 침출조건에서 팔라듐과은이 완전히 침출되었다. 침출반응의 속도론적 고찰을 통해 염산에 의한 팔라듐 침출 반응의 활성화 에너지는 6.4 kcal/mol이었고 화학율속과 확산율속이 혼합된 반응임을 확인하였다.
Abstract
In this study, the leaching behavior of palladium and silver from spent catalysts generated in petro-chemicals was investigated using nitric and hydrochloric acid as lixiviant solutions. The effects of nitric and hydrochloric acid concentrations, different leaching temperatures and times, and different pulp densities on the leaching efficiencies of palladium and silver were examined, and results were compared. Based on these parameters, optimal leaching conditions were established. When nitric acid (2.0 M HNO3, 90°C, 1 h) was applied, silver was completely leached out, whereas the leaching efficiency of palladium was found to be low at approximately 45%. By contrast, the use of hydrochloric acid as a leachate agent (4.0 M HCl) at 90°C for 1 h yielded nearly 100% efficiency for each of the two metals. The rate of palladium leaching was governed by a mixed (chemical and diffusion) control model with an activation energy of 6.4 kcal/mol in the temperature range of 25-90°C.
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