중소기업의 조직여유가 혁신에 미치는 영향 : 기업명성의 조절효과
The Effects of SMEs’ Corporate Slack on Innovation :Moderating Effect of Corporate Reputation
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본 연구에서는 중소기업의 조직여유가 혁신에 미치는 영향과 조직여유가 혁신에 미치는 영향에 있어서 기업명성의 조절효과에 대하여 분석하였다. 이를 위해 조직여유, 혁신, 기업명성에 대한 기존 이론과 실증 연구들을 포괄적으로 검토하여 연구모형을 구축한 후 각 변수들 간의 관계를 실증 분석하였다. 2013년 11월부터 12월까지 1개월간 영남지역(대구․경북지역 및 부산․경남지역) 제조업 중소기업을 대상으로 설문지 400부를 배포 및 회수하여 250부(개사)의 유효표본을 분석에 사용하여 실증분석을 통해 결과를 도출하였다. 실증분석결과, 중소기업의 경우 현금이나 유가증권 등과 같은 흡수되지 않은 여유는 제품혁신, 프로세스혁신, 경영혁신 모두에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 반면, 여유인력이나 여유설비와 같은 흡수된 여유는 제품혁신, 프로세스혁신, 경영혁신 모두에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 중소기업에서는 현금, 유가증권 등과 같은 흡수되지 않은 여유를 기업혁신의 원동력으로 활용할 수 있음을 시사하며, 흡수되지 않은 여유에 대한 전략적 관리와 활용이 중요함을 제시해준다. 그리고 중소기업의 조직여유와 혁신간의 관계에서 기업명성이 조절역할을 수행하는 지 검증한 결과, 기업명성은 흡수되지 않은 여유와 경영혁신의 관계에서만 긍정적인 조절효과를 나타내었고, 흡수된 여유와 세 가지 혁신(제품혁신, 프로세스혁신, 경영혁신)과의 관계에서는 조절효과를 나타내지 않았다. 즉 흡수되지 않은 여유와 경영혁신과의 관계에서 기업명성의 조절효과가 나타남에 따라 기업명성을 통해 흡수되지 않은 여유를 경영혁신으로 보다 강하게 연결시킬 수 있음을 발견하였고, 중소기업에서도 혁신을 위해서는 기업명성 관리가 중요함을 시사해준다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 계속해서 논쟁이 되고 있는 조직여유의 필요성에 대한 학문적․이론적 시사점을 제시해주며, 실무적으로도 최근 글로벌 경영위기와 혁신이 강조되고 있는 창조경제시대에서 중소기업의 조직여유가 혁신으로 이어질 수 있는 새로운 비즈니스 모델을 제시해주고 있다.
Abstract
In the past, it was once argued that organizational slack was regarded as waste of resources because sharing resources promptly with business partners through strategic alliance, outsourcing, SCM (Supply Chain Management) and JIT (Just In Time) was considered more beneficial than keeping resources in their own companies at that time. But business circumstances changed a lot and rapidly. After the recent economic crisis in advanced countries such as U.S.A, Europe, and Japan has lasted for a long time, the issue of organizational slack has become a big issue and seen more useful, in some cases indispensable and necessary for innovation. And especially the SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) should be more nimble and flexible in decision-making than the large enterprises, but they are also faced with liabilities of newness and smallness. So corporate reputation can be used by one of the new alternatives to overcome that kind of difficulties. Accordingly, this empirical research model was designed to analyze the effects of SMEs' organizational slack on innovation focused on the moderating effect of corporate reputation. For this purpose, questionnaire surveys were administered to target SMEs in Yeongnam region including Daegu, Gyeongpbuk, Busan and Gyeongnam, and the empirical analysis was finally done with the surveys of effective 250 SMEs. After in-depth analysis of correlation, validity, reliability and regression analysis using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 16.0, we could successfully find two meaningful findings for SMEs. First, SMEs’ unabsorbed slack had positive direct effects on all three types of innovation such as product innovation, process innovation and managerial innovation. On the other hand, SMEs’ absorbed slack didn't affect any kinds of innovation. So these results imply that unabsorbed slack can be linked to the innovation by strategic management in the field and can be used by resources for innovation. Second, corporate reputation had moderating effect on the relationships between unabsorbed slack and managerial innovation. On the other hand, it didn't have any moderating effect on the relationships between absorbed slack and any kind of innovation. So these results imply that corporate reputation is a resource for SMEs to be innovation enterprises. In conclusion, this empirical research contributes to both theories and practices in SMEs because we could find that organizational slack, specially unabsorbed slack, is not waste but rather could be important resources for innovation. Also special management of corporate reputation is necessary for SMEs. But this research has also the limitation of generalization. As this research was analyzed by limited number and region of samples, more numbers and other regions and even other countries of samples are recommended in the future.
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