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라이선싱을 통한 기술도입과 혁신성과: 국내 제조 중소기업을 중심으로

Inward Licensing and Innovative Performance: Evidence from Korean Manufacturing SMEs

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주제분류경영학

초록

기업을 둘러싼 외부 환경이 빠르게 변화함에 따라 기술 라이선싱을 통한 개방형 혁신의 중요성이 높아지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 국내 제조 중소기업을 대상으로 기술 라이선싱 도입이 혁신성과(innovative performance)에 미치는 영향과 기업의 내․외부 요인에 의한 조절효과를 검증하였다. 특히, 기업의 기술 라이선싱 도입은 내생적인 의사결정이므로 본 연구는 성향점수매칭을 통하여 실증분석을 실행하였다. 본 연구는 국내 제조기업을 대상으로 한 2008년 기술혁신조사를 활용하였으며 제품혁신이 매출액에서 차지하는 비중을 혁신성과로 측정하였다. 실증분석 결과 기술 라이선싱의 도입이 혁신성과에 미치는 긍정적인 영향은 대기업의 경우 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않은 반면, 중소기업의 경우 유의미한 영향이 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 중소기업이 ‘혁신지향전략(innovation-focused strategy)’보다는 ‘모방지향전략(imitation-focused strategy)’을 추구하는 경우, 상대적으로 동태적(dynamic)인 기술 환경에 속한 경우, 복잡한(complex) 산업에 속한 경우 기술 라이선싱 도입이 혁신성과에 더 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다.

Abstract

Open innovation through technological licensing has become an important mean for technology innovation in rapidly changing environment. This study examined the effects of inward licensing on innovative performance for Korean manufacturing SMEs. Also, we investigated the moderating effects of internal and external factors such as innovation/imitation-focused strategy and technological dynamism. Especially, this study utilized propensity score matching to control for endogeneity. Based on evidence from Korean Innovation Survey, we measured innovative performance as the percent of firms’ total sales derived from products newly introduced or improved. The positive effects of inward licensing on innovative performance are statistically significant only in SMEs, but not significant in large firms. Also, inward licensing improves the innovative performance more when SMEs are pursuing imitation-focused strategy rather than innovation-focused strategy, when their industries are characterized as relatively high technological dynamism, and when their product industries are characterized as complex rather than discrete.

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