잠재적 창업가의 예비 창업행동과 사회적 책임의식 간의 관계 : 마이스터고 학생들을 중심으로
Relationship Between Potential Entrepreneurs’ Entrepreneurial Nascent Behavior and Intention of Social Responsibility : Focus on Meister School Students
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장기적 경기불황으로 장기적 경기불황으로 인하여 전세계적으로 실업문제가 주요 이슈가 되고 있는 상황에서 특히 청년실업에 대한 관심이높아지고 있다. 많은 국가들이 공통적으로 실업문제의 해결 및 일자리 창출을 위하여정책적 초점을 청년창업에 두고 있으며 창업관련 교육의 대상이 점차 청소년기의 잠재적창업자로 확대되고 있다. 이와 더불어 기업들의 사회적 책임에 대한 논의가 활발하게이루어지고 있다. 청소년기의 잠재적 창업자는 미래의 국가발전 원동력의 원천이며 이들이창업을 성공하고 성공적인 기업경영을 통하여 성과를 낼 때 개인적인 또는 국가적인발전이 이루어질 수 있다. 창업관련 많은 연구들도 이러한 점에 맞추어 연구가 진행되어왔다. 그러나 이는 단순히 경제적인 측면만 고려한 것이고 사회적 측면을 간과하고 있다. 기업에 대한 사회경제적인 관점이 대두되면서 사회구성원으로서 기업의 역할인 사회적책임이 강조되고 있으며 주로 대기업의 역할이 이슈화되고 있다. 창업가의 사회적 책임에대해서는 창업관련 문헌과 기업윤리 문헌에서 제한적으로 다루어져 왔으며 잠재적창업가들의 창업 이전 실제 행동 역시 최근 들어 연구되기 시작하였다. 지금까지의 창업관련연구는 창업성과에 초점을 두고 진행되어왔지만 주목해야 할 점은 잠재적 창업가들의창업성공과 더불어 사회적 책임을 제대로 수행하는 것이 지역사회와 국가발전에 더욱중요하다는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 청소년기의 잠재적 창업가들이 가지고 있는 창업의도가 실제적인창업행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지, 그리고 창업의도와 창업행동이 창업 이후에 사회적책임을 어느 정도 수행할 것인지의 사회적 책임의도에 미치는 영향에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 이를 위하여 창업의도모형, 초기 창업가 행동모형, 창업가적 기대모형, 그리고 롤 모델이고려되었다. 분석결과, 창업의도는 초기 창업가 행동에 유의한 영향을 미쳤으며 사회적 책임의도 또한유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 그러나 초기 창업가 행동은 사회적 책임의도에 부정적인 영향을 미치는것으로 나타났다. 선행연구들에서는 잠재적 창업가는 롤 모델에 의하여 많은 영향을 받는다고설명되고 있으나, 본 연구의 표본에서는 전반적으로 롤 모델에 대한 노출수준이 낮은 것으로나타났으며 세 가지 인과관계에 조절역할을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
The long-term economic recession worldwide has brought the unemployment issue into focus, especially the youth unemployment. Some countries in Europe are putting their efforts to broaden the job opportunities for their potential entrepreneurs who are high school students. In addition, the issue of corporate social responsibility has become another hot potato domestically. Potential entrepreneurs in their adolescence are major and potential sources for national development and their successes in businesses are deeply related to the national development. So many studies in entrepreneurship have been focused on this. Too much focus on economic aspects,however, has made the social aspects overlooked. As socio-economic view on corporations has emerged, the role of corporate social responsibility as a member of society has been stressed and has become a primary issue in countries. The research on corporate social responsibility has been done limitedly in the fields of entrepreneurship and business ethics. Studies on actual behaviors of potential entrepreneurs have started only recently. Until now, entrepreneurship-related studies have been tailored to the success of new venture or start-up business,it should be noted that performing social responsibility as well as entrepreneurial success is more vital to the regional and national development. This study focuses on two things. First, how much entrepreneurial intentions of potential entrepreneurs affect their actual entrepreneurial behaviors. Second, how much their entrepreneurial intentions and behaviors affect their social responsibility. For this, entrepreneurial Intention model, entrepreneurial nascent behavior model,entrepreneurial expectation model, and role mode have been considered. Entrepreneurial intention had positive effect on entrepreneurial nascent behavior and intention of social responsibility. Entrepreneurial nascent behavior has negative effect on intention of social responsibility. There are not moderate effects of role model exposure on three causal relationships.
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