전시 하 여성침해의 보편성과 역사적 특수성: 일본군 위안부문제에 대한 국제사회의 인식
Universality as Sexual Violence under Armed Conflicts and Historical Peculiarity of Japanese Sexual Slavery: Focusing on the Discussions of International Society
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일본군위안부문제는 1990년대 초 한국에서 사회적으로 이슈화된 후, 곧바로 국제사회 전체에서 전시 하 여성인권 침해의 문제로 부각되면서 세계 여성운동과 인권운동의 지지를 획득했다. 그러나 이렇게 군위안부운동이 국제사회에서 광범위한 연대를 만들어가는 가운데, 이 문제가 가지고 있는 제국주의/식민주의의 성격이 사상되어 왔다. 이 글은 UN, ILO 및 국제 NGO에서 산출한 보고서에서, 식민주의의 문제를 포함한 아시아 피해국의 구체적인 역사적 맥락이 상세히 분석되었음에도 불구하고, 국제사회에서의 운동과정에서 이 문제가 단지 전시 하 여성침해의 문제로서만 인식되게 된 배경을 논의하고, 연구와 운동의 새로운 문제의식을 환기하고 있다.
Abstract
Since the Japanese military sexual slavery issue had been publicized at the beginning of the 1990s in Korea, the Korean NGOs brought this issue to the world society. It was recognized as an important case of the violation of women's human rights under armed conflicts, and widely gets the supports from world's women's movements and human rights movements. In this process, however, the aspects of imperialism and colonialism of this issue became to be forgotten. For a huge number of Asian victims of Japanese military sexual slavery, imperialism and colonialism are very important structural context of their forced mobilization in addition to militarism, ethnic conflicts and state's force. It is found that the analysis of concrete historical context of imperialism and colonialism of the Japanese military sexual slavery against Asian women at the materials of the UN, ILO and international NGOs, but as seen in the international networks of women's organizations supporting this issue or Women's International War Crimes Tribunal for the Trial of Japan's Military Sexual Slavery in 2000, this issue has been recognized only as violation of women's human rights under armed conflicts. This was mainly because of the necessity of networking with many women's organizations, as well as the need to make this issue that occurred more than 50 years ago as a current one by connecting it with the current issues such as mass rape in Former Yugoslavia. This paper discusses the analysis of the materials made by international organs such as UN and ILO and international NGOs, and the reasons why the historical specificity of the Japanese military sexual slavery including imperialism and colonialism has been missed in understanding this issue.