여론조사 보도가 여론지각과 의견표명에 미치는 효과에 관한 연구 : 성형수술을 중심으로
Effects of the Opinion Poll Coverage on the Perception of Public Opinion and Willingness to Speak Out Publicly
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본 연구에서는 노엘레 ‒ 노이만의 침묵의 나선 이론을 토대로, 여론조사 보도가 수용자의 일상적 커뮤니케이션에 미치는 영향력에 대해 검증해보고자 했다. 구체적으로 여론조사 보도에 따라 사회적 이슈에 대한 여론 동향의 지각이 어떻게 이루어지며, 여론조사 보도에 근거하여 본인을 다수의견 지지자 혹은 소수의견 지지자로 지각함에 따라 일상적 대화상황에서 개인 의견표명 의지가 어떻게 달라지는지를 알아보았다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 최근 들어 높은 관심을 불러일으킴과 동시에 개인적 차원의 쟁점이면서도 한국 사회의 유교적 전통으로 인해 도덕적·사회적 판단기준이 되는 성형수술을 연구대상으로 삼았다. 유사실험 방식을 통해 수도권 소재 대학의 재학생 240명을 대상으로 수집된 자료를 분석한 결과, 여론조사 보도는 여론동향 지각에 어느 정도 영향력을 미치나 개인의 의견표명 의지에는 유의미한 영향력이 없는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이는 이론적 측면에서 해당 이슈가 도덕적인 면과 관련이 있다 하더라도 이미 우리 사회에서 오래전부터 거론되어 왔기 때문에 소수의견 지지자에게 면역효과(inoculation effect)가 생겼을 수 있기 때문으로 해석된다. 또한 대학생 집단의 경우, 동세대 내에서의 여론동향에 더 민감하기 때문에 대안적인 지지집단인 타대학 생들의 지지를 받을 것이라는 기대 때문에 침묵하지 않는 것으로 해석된다.
Abstract
This study examined the effects of opinion poll coverage on people’s daily-life communication, based on Noelle-Neumann’s spiral of silence theory. More specifically, we aimed to identify how the willingness to speak out and the perceptions of public opinion for a social issue can be changed as people perceive themselves as the supporter for majority or minority according to the coverage of public opinion polls. We chose a plastic surgery as a social issue for this study. In Korea, plastic surgery is controversial because of Confucianism. The hypothesis was tested through quasi-experimental design with the data from 240 university students. The results showed that the coverage of public opinion polls had effects on the perception of public opinion but there was little effect on willingness to speak out publicly. This can be interpreted as an inoculation effect. Although the issue is related to moral value, it has been discussed for many years in our society. Therefore, the minority supporters can be little influenced by perception of public opinion in virtue of inoculation. Also, university students may believe an alternative supporting group (e.g., other students), which encourages them to speak out without any fear.
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