단일 모드 2 kW급 고출력 광섬유 증폭기 내의 광섬유 용융 현상에 관한 연구
A Study of the Fiber Fuse in Single-mode 2-kW-class High-power Fiber Amplifiers
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초록
본 연구에서는 단일 모드 2 kW급 고출력 광섬유 증폭기에서 발생한 광섬유 용융 현상을 융착점 냉각 특성에 따라 실험적으로 분석한 결과를 소개한다. 레이저 출력에 따른 펌프 광 결합기와 주증폭기 이득 광섬유 사이의 융착점 온도를 레이저 출력에 따라 측정하였다. 융착점 온도는 레이저 출력 1.2 kW까지는 20°C에서 32°C까지 온도 상승 기울기 0.01°C/W로 증가율이 작았으나 1.2 kW 이후부터 온도 상승 기울기 0.08°C/W로 융착점 온도가 급격하게 증가하였고 1.96 kW 출력에서 동작 중 광섬유 용융 현상에 의해 광섬유 증폭기가 손상되었다. 손상된 펌프 광 결합기의 전송 광섬유 코어에는 광섬유 용융의 전형적인 탄환모양손상 형상이 나타났다. 이후 수냉식 냉각판을 적용하여 융착점 부위의 냉각 성능을 향상시킨 후 레이저 출력 특성 변화를 조사하였다. 최대 출력 2.05 kW에서 광섬유 융착점 온도는 35.8°C였고 레이저 출력에 따른 온도 상승 기울기는 0.007°C/W로서 급격한 증가 없이 일정하게 유지되었다. 광섬유 증폭기에서 광섬유 용융 현상은 발생하지 않았으며 최대 출력 2.05 kW에서 모드 불안정성 역시 발생하지 않았다. 최대 출력 2.05 kW까지 빔 프로파일은 안정적인 가우시안 형태였으며 빔 품질 1.3 이하를 유지하였다.
Abstract
In this paper, we experimentally investigate the fiber fuse in single-mode 2-kW-class high-power fiber amplifiers, depending on the cooling method at the splicing point. We measured the temperature of the splicing point between the pump-signal combiner and gain fiber as a function of laser output power. The temperature of the splicing point increased from 20 to 32°C with a slope of 0.01°C/W, up to 1.2 kW of laser output power. At higher powers the temperature of the splicing point increased dramatically, with a slope of 0.08°C/W. After that, the fiber amplifier was destroyed during operation at 1.96 kW of output power by fiber fuse. The bullet shape, a common feature of fiber fuse, was observed in the damaged passive fiber core of the pump-signal combiner. Later, we adopted an improved water-cooled cold plate to increase the cooling efficiency at the splicing point, and investigated the laser output power. The temperature at the splicing point was 35.8°C with a temperature-rise slope of 0.007°C/W at the maximum output power of 2.05 kW. The beam quality M 2 was measured to be less than 1.3, and the output beam’s profile was a stable Gaussian shape. Finally, neither fiber fuse nor mode instability was observed in the fiber amplifier at the maximum output power of 2.05 kW.
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