고성능 광각 3차원 스캐닝 라이다를 위한 스터드 기술 기반의 대면적 고속 단일 광 검출기
Large-area High-speed Single Photodetector Based on the Static Unitary Detector Technique for High-performance Wide-field-of-view 3D Scanning LiDAR
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초록
다양한 구조의 라이다(light detection and ranging, LiDAR)가 존재함에도 불구하고 넓은 화각을 유지하면서 장거리 측정과 수직, 수평 방향 모두에서 높은 해상도를 만족하는 LiDAR를 구현하는 것은 매우 어렵다. 스캐닝 구조는 장거리 탐지 및 수직, 수평 방향에 대한 높은 해상도를 만족하는 고성능 LiDAR를 구현하는 데 유리하지만, 넓은 화각을 확보하기 위해서는 검출 속도에 불리한 대면적 광 검출기(photodetector, PD) 가 필수적이다. 따라서 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 다수의 소면적 PD를 고속의 단일 대면적 PD로 작동할 수 있는 static unitary detector (STUD) 기술 기반의 PD를 제안하였다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 InP/InGaAs STUD PIN-PD는 1,256 μm × 19 μm의 단위 면적을 가지는 32 개 소면적 PD를 활용하여 1,256 μm × 949 μm 이내에서 다양한 형태로 설계 및 제작하였다. 이후 다양한 형태로 제작된 STUD PD의 특성과 감도는 물론 이를 활용한 LiDAR 수신 보드의 잡음 및 신호 특성에 대해 측정 및 분석하였다. 마지막으로 STUD PD가 적용된 LiDAR 수신 보드를 1.5-μm master oscillator power amplifier 레이저를 광원으로 활용하는 3차원 스캐닝 LiDAR 시제품에 적용하였고, 이를 통해 대각 32.6도의 광각에서 50 m 이상의 장거리 물체를 정밀하게 탐지하면서 320 px × 240 px의 고해상도 3차원 영상을 동시에 확보하였다.
Abstract
Despite various light detection and ranging (LiDAR) architectures, it is very difficult to achieve long-range detection and high resolution inboth vertical and horizontal directions with a wide field of view (FOV). The scanning architecture is advantageous for high-performance LiDARthat can attain long-range detection and high resolution for vertical and horizontal directions. However, a large-area photodetector (PD), which isdisadvantageous for detection speed, is essentially required to secure the wide FOV. Thus we propose a PD based on the static unitary detector (STUD) technique that can operate multiple small-area PDs as a single large-area PD at a high speed. The InP/InGaAs STUD PIN-PD proposed in this paperis fabricated in various types, ranging from 1,256 μm × 949 μm using 32 small-area PDs of 1,256 μm × 19 μm. In addition, we measure and analyzethe noise and signal characteristics of the LiDAR receiving board, as well as the performance and sensitivity of various types of STUD PDs. Finally, the LiDAR receiving board utilizing the STUD PD is applied to a 3D scanning LiDAR prototype that uses a 1.5-μm master oscillator power amplifierlaser. This LiDAR precisely detects long-range objects over 50 m away, and acquires high-resolution 3D images of 320 pixels × 240 pixels with adiagonal FOV of 32.6 degrees simultaneously.
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