본문 바로가기
KERD
논문

성매매 ‘합법화’와 ‘비범죄화’ 논의 재고: 독일과 뉴질랜드의 사례를 중심으로

“Legalization” and “Decriminalization” Revisited: Focusing on Prostitution Policies in Germany and New Zealand

0

조회

0

다운로드

4

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류여성학

초록

과거 성매매 정책 논의는 관련 행위를 모두 처벌하는 ‘금지주의’, 성판매자는 비범죄화하는 대신 성구매자와 알선자를 처벌하는 ‘신근절주의’, 그리고 성매매를 적법한 산업의 형태로 제도화하고자 하는 ‘합법화론’을 중심으로 하였다. 그러나 최근 성매매 산업에 대한 규제 자체를 철폐해야 한다는 ‘비범죄화론’이 ‘합법화론’의 대안으로 등장하면서, 성매매 정책 논의는 점차 ‘신근절주의’와 ‘비범죄화론’의 대결 양상을 이루어가고 있다. ‘비범죄화론’의 주장은 정책의 목표와 내용에 있어서 ‘합법화’와 ‘비범죄화’가 본질적으로 다르며, 후자만이 성판매자의 인권상황을 개선할 수 있다는 내용을 주로 담고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 주장이 타당한지 검토하고자 독일의 ‘합법화’ 사례와 뉴질랜드의 ‘비범죄화’ 사례를 비교해 보았다. 첫째, 양국의 성매매 관련법이 제・개정된 배경 및 내용을 살펴보고, 각각이 ‘합법화’와 ‘비범죄화’의 정의를 얼마나 충족하고 있는지 확인한다. 둘째, ‘합법화’와 ‘비범죄화’를 완전히 다른 종류의 정책으로 분류하는 방식이 성매매 정책 논의에서 갖는 효과를 검토한다. 셋째, ‘비범죄화론’의 주장대로 성매매 ‘합법화’ 이후 발견되는 문제들을 ‘비범죄화’ 정책이 해결할 수 있을지 살펴본다.

Abstract

Discussions on prostitution policy in the past tended to revolve around “prohibitionist” policies which penalize all activities in the sex trade, “neo-abolitionist” policies that only prohibit buying sex and procurement, and “legalization” through which the entire sex trade is institutionalized as a form of legitimate industry. Recently, however, “decriminalization” which insists abrogation of state regulation has been gaining worldwide support as an alternative to “legalization.” Key arguments for “decriminalization” include the idea that “legalization” and “decriminalization” are disparate policies in terms of their goals and contents, and that only the latter can improve human rights situations of the prostituted. In order to consider the validity of these claims, prostitution-related laws and the consequences of policies in Germany and New Zealand, the most well-known implementations of the two policy models, are juxtaposed. First, this paper examines the extent to which the two countries qualify for the definition of “legalization” and “decriminalization” by comparing the reasons for changing their policies and the contents of their prostitution-related laws. Second, it looks at the role the “decriminalization” discourse plays in policy discussions, Finally, it considers whether “decriminalization” can be exempt from the negative impacts of normalized prostitution as believed by its adherents.

참고문헌 (69)

  1. 김성천, "비범죄화", 중앙법학, (2), pp.301~323 (2001)
  2. 김학태, "EU에서의 성매매와 한국의 성매매 규제에 관한 연구", EU연구, (23), pp.89~115 (2008), EU연구소
  3. 유숙란, "네덜란드 성매매 합법화의 효과- 불법 이주 성매매자의 배제를 중심으로", 다문화사회연구, 1(1), pp.5~38 (2008), 다문화통합연구센터[DOI]
  4. 유숙란, "한국, 스웨덴, 독일의 성매매 정책 결정과정 비교분석 : 성매매관련 공공 논쟁을 중심으로", 한국여성학, 23(4), pp.49~86 (2007), 한국여성학회
  5. 원미혜, "성매매 감소와 성판매자의 인권을 위한 모색", 황해문화, (46), pp.96~118 (2005)
  6. 위계찬, "채권자의 보증인에 대한 정보제공의무", 법학연구, 18(1), pp.171~194 (2007), 법학연구소
  7. 이나영, "여성주의 ‘성노동’ 논의에 대한 재고", 경제와 사회, (84), pp.132~157 (2009), 비판사회학회
  8. 이나영, "성판매자 비범죄화를 위한 시론 - 「성매매특별법」을 둘러 싼 쟁점과 여성주의 대안 모색 -", 페미니즘연구, 15(1), pp.211~247 (2015), 한국여성연구소
  9. 임웅, "非犯罪化의 方案에 관한 연구", 성균관법학, 19(3), pp.461~480 (2007), 법학연구원
  10. 정재훈, "독일 성매매 합법화 이후 실태와 정책 비교", 이화젠더법학, 5(1), pp.1~21 (2013)
  11. 조국, "성매매에 대한 시각과 법적 대책", 형사정책, 15(2), pp.255~288 (2003), 한국형사정책학회
  12. The Impact of the Prostitution Reform Act on the Health and Safety Practices of Sex Workers, "Abel, G.", Department of Public Health and General Practice University in Octago, ~ (2007)
  13. Abbott, K. K., "The Concept of Legalization", International Organization, 54(3), pp.201~419 (2000)
  14. Amnesty International Policy on State Obligations Respect, Protect and Fulfil the Human Rights of Sex Workers, "Amnesty International", Amnesty International, ~ (2016)
  15. Banyard, Kat, "Pimp State: Sex, Money and the Future of Equality" (2016), Faber & Faber
  16. Health, Well-Being, and Personal Safety of Women in Germany, "BMFSFJ", BMFSFJ, ~ (2004)
  17. Report by the Federal Government on the Impact of the Act Regulating the Legal Situation of Prositutes (Prostitution Act), "BMFSFJ", BMFSFJ, ~ (2007)
  18. Cho, S. Y., "Does Legalized Prostitution Increase Human Trafficking?", World Development, 41, pp.67~82 (2013)
  19. Cook, J, "Criminal Law: Prostitution", The Georgetown Journal of Gender and the Law, 6, pp.459~490 (2017)
  20. Csete, J, "HIV, Sex Work and Human Rights", UNAIDS Reference Group on HIV and Human Rights Fifteenth Meeting (2013)
  21. Sexual Exploitation and Prostituion and Its Impact on Gender Equality, "European Parliament", European Parliament, ~ (2014)
  22. Healy, C., "Taking the Crime out of Sex Work: New Zealand Sex Workers Fight for Decriminalisation" (2010), Polity Press
  23. Hydra, e. V., "The Germnan Prostitution Law: An Example of the ‘Legalisation of Sex Work’", Research for Sex Work, 14, pp.1~6 (2015)
  24. Professed Protection, Pointless Provisions: Overview of the German Prostitutes Protection Act, "ICRSE", ICRSE, ~ (2017)
  25. The Act Regulating the Legal Situation of Prostitutes: Implementation, Impact, Current Developments, "Kavemann, Barbara", Sozialwissenschaftliches FrauenForschungsInstitut an der Evangelischen Fachhochschule Freiburg, ~ (2007)
  26. McCarthy, B., "Regulating Sex Work: Heterogeneity in Legal Strategies", Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 8, pp.15.1~15.17 (2012)
  27. Report of the Prostitution Law Review Committee on the Operation of the Prostitution Reform Act 2003, "Ministry of Justice", Ministry of Justice, ~ (2008)
  28. International Approaches to Decriminalising and Legalising Prostitution, "Mossman, Elaine", Ministry of Justice, ~ (2007)
  29. Naucke, Wolfgang, "Über deklaratorische, scheinbare und wirkliche Entkriminalisierung", Goltdammers Archiv, 131, pp.199~217 (1984)
  30. Pheonix, Jo, "Regulating Prostitution: Difference Problems, Different Solutions, Same Old Story", Community Safety Journal, 6(1), pp.7~10 (2007)
  31. Principles for Model Sex Industry Legislation, "Scarlet Alliance", Scarlet Alliance, ~ (2000)
  32. Trafficking in Persons Report 2004, "U. S. Department of State", U.S. Department of State, ~ (2004)
  33. Trafficking in Persons Report 2005, "U. S. Department of State", U.S. Department of State, ~ (2005)
  34. Trafficking in Persons Report 2006, "U. S. Department of State", U.S. Department of State, ~ (2006)
  35. Trafficking in Persons Report 2007, "U. S. Department of State", U.S. Department of State, ~ (2007)
  36. Trafficking in Persons Report 2008, "U. S. Department of State", U.S. Department of State, ~ (2008)
  37. Trafficking in Persons Report 2009, "U. S. Department of State", U.S. Department of State, ~ (2009)
  38. Trafficking in Persons Report 2010, "U. S. Department of State", U.S. Department of State, ~ (2010)
  39. Trafficking in Persons Report 2011, "U. S. Department of State", U.S. Department of State, ~ (2011)
  40. Trafficking in Persons Report 2012, "U. S. Department of State", U.S. Department of State, ~ (2012)
  41. Trafficking in Persons Report 2013, "U. S. Department of State", U.S. Department of State, ~ (2013)
  42. Trafficking in Persons Report 2014, "U. S. Department of State", U.S. Department of State, ~ (2014)
  43. Trafficking in Persons Report 2015, "U. S. Department of State", U.S. Department of State, ~ (2015)
  44. Trafficking in Persons Report 2016, "U. S. Department of State", U.S. Department of State, ~ (2016)
  45. "성노동 비범죄화, 한국에선 안 될 일인가?" (2015)[URL]
  46. "노르딕 모델 나우 홈페이지"[URL]
  47. "베를린 하이드라 홈페이지"[URL]
  48. "나는 트랜스젠더 성매매노동자입니다" (2015)[URL]
  49. "성매매 ‘합법화’가 아니라 ‘비범죄화’다" (2015)[URL]
  50. "Five Things to Know about Prostitution in Germany" (2017)[URL]
  51. "City as Brothel, How Berlin Let Prostitution Spread Near Schools" (2016)[URL]
  52. "Halb Berlin ist ein Bordell" (2016)[URL]
  53. "Decriminalising the Sex Trade Will Not Protect Its Workers from Abuse" (2016)[URL]
  54. "Exposed: The Dark Underbelly of Human Trafficking in New Zealand" (2016)[URL]
  55. "What Canada Can Learn from Swedish and German Prostitution Laws" (2016)[URL]
  56. "Prostitution Law Reform in Germany: The Oldest Proffession on Its Way to Become a Profession"[URL]
  57. "German Politicians Approve New Law Making It Illegal to Have Sex with Prostitutes without a Condom" (2016)[URL]
  58. "How Legalizing Prostitution Has Failed" (2013)[URL]
  59. "Interview to Seo-Young Cho" (2012)[URL]
  60. "Sex for Sale, Legally" (2003)[URL]
  61. "Legalizing Prostitution: New Zealand’s Example" (2013)[URL]
  62. "Legal in Theory: Germany’s Sex Trade Laws and Why They Have Nothing to Do with Amnesty Sex Work Proposal" (2015)[URL]
  63. "Mandatory Registration and Condom Use Proposed in Germany" (2016)[URL]
  64. "Key Weighs in on NZ ‘Sex Hotel’" (2012)[URL]
  65. "Why Germany Is Now ‘Europe’s Biggest Brothel" (2013)[URL]
  66. "Prostitution and Sex Trafficking: Inescapably Linked" (2013)[URL]
  67. "Prostitution cannot Be Squared with Human Rights or the Equality of Women" (2013)[URL]
  68. "Perks for the Oldest Profession" (2002)[URL]
  69. "Welcome to Paradise" (2013)[URL]

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (13건)